Brexit Consequences to the Economy

Question: Examine about theBrexit Consequences to the Economy. Answer: Presentation Brexit which is a shortened form for British Exit alludes to the aim by the United Kingdom to pull back from the European Union after the June 2016 submission. This procedure has prompted a ton of debate on monetary and discretionary researchers who have contended for and against the procedure. This is on the grounds that the schedule and terms of withdrawal had not been set up to as right on time as September 2016. The EU settlement of 2007 gave part nations under article 50 where sacred necessities of a part nation give the opportunity of a part nation t leave the EU after a part nation has pulled out of exit and the part nations have collectively casted a ballot for the leave (Nicholas, P12). UK joined the EEC which later changed to EU on January 1973, anyway subsequent to joining the EEC there a challenge in the UK n whether the nation should remain in EEC or exit. This prompted a choice in 1975 where the electorate casted a ballot to favor UK to stay in EEC. Corner et al (P11) recommends that from that point forward belief systems on the side of withdrawal and those for participation shaped the premise of outdoors for ideological groups in UK. This in this way prompted pressure on David Cameron the head administrator of UK to decide the situation of the UK individuals inside the EU. Weight from MPs from Camerons side and those from the UK Independent Party prompted the declaration by the moderate party that it will present a submission on Brexit. At the point when the gathering won the political race, there was no alternative yet to present the choice where the electorate decided in favor of exit. This prompted significant crusade bunches like vote leave, leave EU, Gras s root out, and Better off out. These crusades overwhelmed the official battle to stay in EU (Britain stringer in Europe). This submission that prompted Brexit was hence a crusade statement vow by the preservationist party. Monetary Arguments for and Against Brexit As indicated by Breinlich, Dhingra and Ottaviano (p21) Members of the EU contribute a yearly participation expense which costs the economy of the nation. In 2015 UK made a net commitment of 8.5 billion pounds that adds up to 7% of UKs consumption on NHS every year. This implies exit from the EU will profit the UK through reinvestment of the enrollment charge into the nation. This will in this way change the idea of spending inside the EU and in this way new monetary exchanges by the UK will help in profiting by the EU ventures without being a part. This accompanies expanded advantages of falling inside the EU zone and the vital situation of UK in the EU. Earlier advocating of reallocation of EU spending from organization and backing makes(Crafts, p191). Broadened advantages of leave will prompt different nations moving ceaselessly from the EU and in this manner making UK the favored goal for business. The exit from the EU will prompt sway by UK where the British parliament will have more powers to settle on choices that can improve the economy of UK. This advantage will be coupled by other EU guidelines which influence all nations and along these lines UK will have some degree of sway. This will remember recapturing of angling rights for its coast which may improve the economy of the nation. Specialists contend that overregulation costs the UK economy 125 billion because of the Brussels formality. Anyway power will prompt exchange of economic agreements with developing economies like China and Japan. In light of the Swiss or FTA models the UK arranges access to EU markets Brexit model received by the UK will either improve the economy r lead to critical outcomes. Due t EU needs in agribusiness and provincial auxiliary exercises, the UK will profit proportionately by dealing on how the advantages are concentrated. Anyway it will be simpler for UK to arrange its venture concurrences with different nations outside EU that offer market for EU. Through this arranging adaptability will expand business openings and preferences that originate from the understandings by the UK and different nations. In this way UKs enrollment in the EU prompts a great deal of advantages that are because of unhindered commerce (Glick and Rose, P. 1131). Baldwin (1137), contends that EU has set up a solitary market where no levies are forced on the two fares and imports between part states. UK sends out half of all out fares to EU nations without exchange limitations and duties. In this way the EU gives part nations bit of leeway to have a state on what occurs inside the alliance. Further EU nations profit in terms of professional career between different superpowers like the US where the EU expects to make a greater organized commerce territory for its individuals. An exit from the EU will imply that UK loses every one of these advantages and needs to make exchange arrangements all alone. Further the nation should confront exchange taxes that non EU nations have looked since the beginning of the EU. The UK will therefore depend on exchange understandings between singular nations which might be costly since the EU has a bigger control and the European nations may not be happy to settle on facilitated commerce concurrences with UK (Ha skel, Pereira, and Slaughter, p 491). UKs treasury discharged a report supporting the results of Brexit to the economy of the nation. The report recommended that Brexit will expand joblessness and the estimation of the real pound will be influenced. As indicated by the Guardian Brexit vote was the start of UK downturn with numerous progressions being seen following the vote. As per specialists this implied Brexit was not a smart thought for UK. Declining costs in the land and pound refrains dollar trade are a pointer that everything isn't well. Brexit presents difficulties that the UK needs to manage which will naturally influence the economy of the nation. Through EU flexibly chains are thought topographically expanding the gracefully proportion of divine beings from UK. Along these lines Brexit will lessen exchange and increment the expense of exchange the EU. This is expected to loosing the advantages of the single market that give economies scale and rivalry inside the EU region. In this way UK to a great extent prof its by the high proportion of exchange that is comparative with esteem included terms from the EU (Straathof et al p13; Alfaro et al p97). Minford ( 21), Further specialists contend that financial dangers like expanded assignments because of the Brexit will prompt decay of key organizations like vehicle producing organizations that have profited by the EU enrollment and subsequently appreciating free fares. Banks may likewise be compelled to move their base camp to the EU which will prompt a drop in charge incomes appreciated by UK. Numerous nations put resources into the UK since it is a passage to the free EU showcase. Through this UK makes 400 billion per year from EU exchange and accordingly could diminish UKS GDP by 10% since it might sum loosing more than 500 million clients. Further stream down impacts of the leave will cost the resident more cash because of loosing EU benefits. EU residents appreciate lower charge cards, modest flight security measures, and natural principles. Accordingly the resident will lose assurance from the Brussels specialists that shield EU residents against maltreatment from worldwide o rganizations. This implies Brexit won't influence that UK government yet rather UK residents will lose the advantages that they have delighted in from EU participation (Ottaviano et al, p9). Assess the Financial Impact on London as a Leading Financial Center in the World, if the Referendum Result on Brexit on 23 June 2016 Turned out that Britain Leaves the EU. Dhingra et al (p13,), express that the contention on the impacts of Brexit on the UK economy stretches out to the strength of London as the main monetary focus in Europe. Various contentions have been introduced on whether London will stay a significant monetary focus under the new conditions. London is the universes budgetary pioneer above New York that is respected the money related powerhouse of US. As per Feyre(21), in the most recent decades London immediately rose because of advancements from developing markets that are a consequence of BRICs economies. These economies have changed time regions of monetary focuses where Londons working hours have covered all major money related focuses. This has empowered London achieve worldwide reach by affecting the provisions of the fianc business. London has in this way become a meeting room place for money related choices over the world. This incorporates loan costs, business contract agreements, and protection contracts. This ascent in budgetary globalization has situated London at the focal point of universal banking. In this way the Brexit choice will influence the job of London as a universes monetary pioneer. In this way London is the most favored community for some organizations because of its qualities that go back to the nineteenth century. The city has depended on the time region, language and legitimate favorable circumstances inside the city. This will be a bit of leeway to the city for the situation it exits from the EU since build up an upheaval for advanced innovation and man-made reasoning. Anyway the haggling exit by UK will decide the advantages that London will get from the EU. George Osborne has campaigned for assurance of London from EU guidelines against British banks against different nations (Holehouse, p 23). Torment and Young (p391), recommend that the exit from the EU will influence London as a favored budgetary center point with most banks like JPMorgan Chase Co., and HSBC bank having plans to move a portion of their speculations to Paris. Specialists contend that the city of London can't keep away from monetary outcomes that it has profited by the EU. Most speculators will pull out of London since the organized commerce benefits that are because of the EU rules won't make a difference. Further London has flourished in guideline making it the best favored EU nation. Brexit will make an extensive stretch of vulnerability inside UK and London to proprietors, property holders and designers. Universal speculators will change their venture patterns and subsequently some business divisions. These market unrests will t

Paulo Freire Dead Poet Society Essay Example For Students

Paulo Freire Dead Poet Society Essay Praises American Literature-091 3 April 8, 2013 Dead Poet Society-Free Yourself from Others Rule Carper Diem Seize the Day! This statement is compassionate by Mr.. Keating, a nervy graduated class instructor, and the wily gathering of youthful understudies, Neil, Todd, Cameron, Pits, Charlie, Knox, and Meek, all through the film Dead Poet Society to be liberated from others and do their own business. Mr.. Keating instructs in an odd house showing the class to break convention and be your own individual. The four mainstays of Walton Academy are respect, order, custom, and greatness in which Mr.. Keating purpose three of the four columns while showing the young men. The young men discover premium Inn their new instructor and find him in the school yearbook and learn he was the pioneer of a gathering named the Dead Poet Society. The young men afterward restart the general public despite the school and Seize the Day! . In any case, did the young men take Mr.. Seatings counsel the incorrect way and frustrate themselves or was Mr.. Keating incorrectly to show the young men to have an independent mind. Mr.. McAllister, the Latin educator and companion to Mr.. Keating, and Mr.. Nolan cautioned Mr.. We will compose a custom article on Paulo Freire Dead Poet Society explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Keating about training the young men to be freethinkers and they were on the whole correct to caution IM, however off-base about the young men. The young men could accept the counsel to be freethinkers in any case and do what they need with the information. Neil interoperable opportunity by defying his dad and following his fantasies in turning into an on-screen character. While Neil turns into an entertainer he Is trapped in the demonstration by his dad and pulled from Walton and condemned to Military School, destroying his life, so he concludes that he should slaughter himself to turn out to be free once and genuinely for eternity. Todd takes freethinking and stays himself until Mr.. Keating Is In a dilemma lastly lets free and stands firm for Keating. Charlie, Unwanted, was consistently a free lively youngster and accepts the exhortation and flare-ups Walton and does whatever him might feeling like doing. Charlie gets ousted from Walton for his fooling around and for going to bat for Mr.. Keating for showing the young men to be their own individual. Pits, Meek, and Cameron choose to think own their own, yet when the crape hits the fan with Mr.. Keating remain over from being free disapproved and adhere to the principles. All things considered the admonition gave was right, however the young men assumed control over the statement. The counsel of Mr.. Keating again was just an assistance or disillusion to the young men pending on how they interoperable it. Knox, animals for another keeps an eye on lady, accepted the guidance as an Incentive to pursue his freshly discovered love Chris, an excellent youngster, and comes out effective. To start with, Knox Is sent to a companion of his dads house for supper and meets their girl, Chris, and its all consuming, instant adoration for him and logically pursues her, subsequent to being destroyed commonly, making a dolt of himself in school, and being beaten, until she at last says yes to a his shell of dread and to talk openly. Todd was very and dreadful to start with and consistently took additional influence to be persuaded, yet at last when he is sent to the brink and is deprived to support Mr.. Keating he stands up for himself and Mr.. Keating and leads the class in one final decent farewell. Neil, on the contrary side of the range of Knox and Todd, makes the guidance a failure for him and resists his dads direct requests and blows his head off. Effectively a revolutionary, Neil resists what his dad informed him regarding turning into an entertainer and manufactures a letter of endorsement and proceeds with the play deceiving Mr.. Keating that he addressed his dad and as permitted to proceed with the play and everything was alright. On premiere night, Mr.. Perry, Nils excessively harsh parent, shows up towards the finish of the show, astounding Neil, at the finish of the show Mr.. .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 , .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 .postImageUrl , .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 , .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366:hover , .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366:visited , .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366:active { border:0!important; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366:active , .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366:hover { darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c 30366 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2068ec1a00b0bd69e705e56153c30366:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Half Dead EssayPerry seizes Neil from his companions and powers him home. In discipline, Neil is pulled from Walton and compelled to Military School, however in response to this news Neil is compelled to splatter his internal parts on the floor of his dads concentrate with a solitary slug lastly free himself of control. The translation of Mr.. Settings lessons were just a mistake in the event that they made it a failure, when Nils circumstance, or a help whenever made an assistance, Knox, the darling kid, and Todd, another gallant man, transformed the lessons into their own impetus for breaking free. As a human their are rights and wrongs and limits and Mr.. Keating chooses to break and cross them. Mr.. Keating encourages the young men its right to be a freethinker and do what you need and break convention, however Walton Academy doesn't concur with these lessons. Out of wherever Mr.. Keating could of instructed he pick his Alma Mater school and pick wrong to come into their turf and break their custom that fields are paying for. Mr.. Keating tells the young men, Boys, you should endeavor to locate your own voice. Since the more you hold on to start, the more outlandish you are to discover it by any stretch of the imagination. Thoreau stated, most men lead lives of calm distress. Dont be surrendered to that. Break out! Break out this is the ideal opportunity! , Carper, carper diem, hold onto the day young men, make your lives unprecedented. , No issue what anyone lets you know, words and thoughts can change the world. , When you read, dont Just consider what the writer thinks, consider what you think. These statements disclose to the young men that it is okay to think depend and do what you might want breaking Welters columns and going too far of training and respect of Walton and what the guardians ask for from the school. The activities of Mr.. Keating was totally improper to educate at his Alma Mater school and to defy the guidelines of their columns and cross the scarce difference of instructing the understudies to be free disapproved resisting what the guardians of what the guardians need of the foundation. Taking everything into account, Mr.. Keating was cautioned by individual mates to wrap up the young men to openly think and in outcome was terminated. For the young men benefit, translation was a key job in their story lines. Some accepting the lessons as a call to proceed to break free and made it beneficial, while others took it and the battle an undesirable and pointless battle. Three of the six accepted the counsel and discarded it keeping life the equivalent with little change. Mr.. Keating educates in an odd house showing the class to break custom and be your own individual. The four mainstays of Walton Academy are respect, control, custom, and greatness in which Mr.. Keating noses three of the four way and frustrate themselves or was Mr.. Keating incorrectly to show the young men to have an independent mind. Carper Diem! Hold onto the Day!

Competetive Strategy - Hansen Natural Corporation Essay

Competetive Strategy - Hansen Natural Corporation - Essay Example A US firm Hansen Natural Corporation which showcases soda pops and drinks is considered with the end goal of our investigation. Sodas showcase is an exceptionally serious market in US and there are various little and enormous contenders effectively present in this industry. Approaches are likewise proposed which will be helpful for the organization in the worth creation throughout the following four years. One of the most basic issues with respect to a business is the ID and advancement of an economical upper hand. It is substantially more basic when the business in concern is a little and developing business where the market is now plagued with various existent contenders. It has been discovered that numerous independent ventures have regularly neglected to create upper hand over their rivals in the market. The business person of the business needs to make strides so as to increase upper hand in their business. It is vital to make reference to that the business network never greets new business visionaries wholeheartedly rather keep the new passages from appropriating the piece of the overall industry from them. Accordingly improvement of upper hand is basic for a firm right from the passage stage as far as possible of the life of the business (Bressler, n.d., p.192) . Zones where the organizations need to intercede so as to create upper hand Small organizations can't contend with the huge firms regarding cost as the value component conduct stays in their grasp because of market notoriety just as recorded deals foundation. An ordinary conduct of a little firm can be given by a model for this situation. Assume a café is opening and when gotten some information about the imminent a typical answer is that, â€Å"we will offer great food at great prices† (Bressler,n.d.,p.193). Advertising blend components can be seen to convey upper hand to the organizations. The components of the showcasing blend incorporate item, value, spot, and advancement. The organiz ations need to focus on these factors so as to increase upper hand. Cost likewise assumes a significant job in the upper hand worldview (Rothaermel, n.d., p. 201). Enormous organizations can arrange lower costs and have preferences over the littler organizations. Anyway there are potential outcomes of bringing down the expenses with the assistance of less capital gear, area, overhead, lower appropriation cost, lower work cost, and lower speculation cost. Before clarifying them in a nutshell with financial hypotheses as a matter of first importance we will examine the attributes of the market of soda pops in US and its pertinence with the Hans Natural Corporation. Qualities of the sodas showcase in US In the current circumstance the soda business is exceptionally serious for all the enterprises associated with this business (Davies, n.d.). The soda pops industry faces pressure from rival dealer, new contestants to the business, substitute merchandise, providers, and purchasers. In th e US sodas industry Coca-Cola, Pepsi Co and Cadbury Schweppes are the biggest contenders. In 2004, Coca Cola’s working capital was around $1.1 billion and Pepsico’s all out deals were $18.4 billion. Numerous little organizations are additionally there like Facedrink, Arcadia Brewing Co, Banko Beverage Company, Carolina Canners Inc and so forth.( Beverage Companies, n.d.). The market is nearly immersed and the development is little. It is entirely troublesome possibility for the new contestants in the business. Another noteworthy hindrance

self-hypnosis :: essays research papers

     When an individual starts discussing entrancing, what is your first idea? On the off chance that the primary thing you consider is an individual on their knees yapping like a pooch, or fluttering their arms while clacking like a chicken, at that point you are among numerous other people who accept that spellbinding is simply amusement. It is in reality exceptionally normal and utilized over the world as a supportive type of profound unwinding. Many, numerous individuals have utilized mesmerizing to accomplish objectives, beat snags, and improve the nature of their own and expert life. It is likewise accepted by numerous that it takes an expert subliminal specialist swinging a glossy metal article to get entranced, when truth be told, trance isn't something one individual â€Å"does† to another. Its utilization shifts from individual to individual, in spite of the fact that advancement of this aptitude can be upgraded with the direction of an accomplished trance inducer. (Cook Jambretz). Proficient subliminal specialists share the conviction that entrancing is a changed condition of awareness. Anyway a great many people don’t feel any unique under spellbinding than the manner in which they feel in their regular state. Spellbinding is an extremely incredible asset that can be utilized for a huge assortment of themes. These points extend from expanding certainty and overseeing worry to stopping smoking and really facilitating labor! The point that grabbed my eye included utilizing self-entrancing to improve an individual’s capacity at sport. The way in to this, and most different themes, is to confide in yourself and figure out how to locate a covert government of unwinding that you can come back to with a straightforward â€Å"trigger† word. When you locate the trigger word that is best for you, use it to bring yourself into a totally unique attitude. At that point you have to experience a grouping of certifications to advise yourself that you are effective and to assist you with seeing the aptitudes that you as of now have. With this positive outlook, you will understand that the way to performing great in sports is the capacity to unwind and let things stream normally. Clearly you won’t simply be capable go out and exceed expectations at a game without training and assurance, yet with entrancing you will have the option to unwind and let all parts of your aptitudes stream with nothing bei ng kept down. Not exclusively will your game improve, however your pleasure for the game will increment also. At whatever point you carry yourself into this state with your trigger word, you will have the option to see yourself playing similarly as you like.

Fall 2016 New Student Series Part 3 Bobby Eric Musah COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2016 New Student Series Part 3 Bobby Eric Musah COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Today is our third  edition of this years e-introduction series. Say hello to Bobby Eric Musah. Bobby  is from Monrovia, Liberia  and  is the Director for Economic Policy Unit  with the Department of Economic Management at the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning. Hes attending SIPA to learn more sustainable development so hell be better prepared to adjust  his career path and  ultimately  become a stronger professional in the field. Full Name: Bobby Eric Musah Age: 34 Degree Program: MPA in Development Practice Anticipated Graduation Year: Spring 2018 Hometown: Monrovia, Montserrado,  Liberia Undergraduate University: African Methodist Episcopal University, Liberia Undergraduate Major: Accounting and Economics Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2006 What’s your professional background? I am currently the Director for Economic Policy Unit with the Department of Economic Management at the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning. I have been in the public service since 2006, rising from a mere bookkeeper position, to analyst, to senior financial analyst, to principal analyst, then onto being an economist before becoming a Director. Within the interval of time, I have held these technical positions in various departments at the Ministry; including the erstwhile Bureau of General Accounting, the Office of the Comptroller Accountant General, the Department of Expenditure Debt Management, the Department of Administration and the Department of Economic Management. Off my duty, I once served as a fiscal budget preparation consultant for the Ministry of Public Works during Fiscal year 2008/09. I also served as a part-time lecturer for the Investment portfolio analysis undergraduate course at the African Methodist Episcopal University in Liberia. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? Coming to SIPA, my ambition is exactly in two folds. One is to change career and the latter is to augment my existing expertize in policy analyses. I have realized that the world’s ambition to ending extreme poverty cannot be realize unless we champion the desire to make it work by engaging in sustainability studies of our economic development, social inclusion and our environment. Because of this, I have change gear! The task that I usually perform relates to policy analyzes, it is important to note that keeping up to date on issues that matters is relevant for decision making; so I need to enhance and upgrade my skills and expertise to suit current realities. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? I had like to make an open confession that once you apply to SIPA you never keep your eyes off the internet, just trying to get a pop notification from your computer regarding any status sent by the Office of Admissions and financial aid. It took me approximately a year back and forth, from the first time I contacted the school up to the day I got my admission decision. Applying to SIPA is intensive but rewarding if you are prepared. When I got the news, I knew from that very moment my transformation has finally come and my future joy will definitely be the outcome of my struggling past. It is fantastic when your admission decision is positive, you will see the e-letter on the Welcome portal with fabulous balloons and ribbons floating all over the page. This innovation is incredible! Why did you say yes to SIPA? I said “yes” to SIPA because of three interconnected reasons; the diversity, reputation and solutions to real world problems. The fact that SIPA is the most global public policy school in the world; it is both an academic and career advantage to be a product of that community. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? Taking a close look at the recent 2016 review of SIPA applications window posted on the MIA/MPA student blog few months ago, you see clearly that the global community rests at the heart of Columbia University. It means I am looking forward to networking for the future and to expand knowledge sharing for the benefit of mankind as well as the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), for which my country has a huge capacity gap need. I am also looking forward to network with other ivy league colleagues from Harvard, Yale, Princeton even Oxford and Cambridge University in the UK. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? Yes, I do have! When you think about the time, resources and efforts put into the application and attending serious graduate school, it is so enormous. The truth is that it is worth the cost when the outcome suits your energy and zest used in the process. Attending graduate schools are indeed expensive and funding is scarce; but attending the right one will yield the desire positive expected return in the long-run. What are your goals after SIPA? I expressly so desire to be a lead policy expert on sustainable development issues. With the knowledge obtained from my graduate studies at Columbia University SIPA, I will be able to help drive the positive change the world desires; at the same time help to proffer better policies that will improve the living standard of the poor, disadvantaged and unfairly marginalized people. Perhaps, I wish to become an international civil servant, helping the fight against poverty. I will endeavor to build a team of development experts through knowledge sharing and capacity development. I will extend my expertise to schools, institutions of higher learning and Governments. [Photo courtesy of Bobby Eric Musah | A pictorial with Noble Laureate Professor Joseph Stiglitz at the side meeting on “Unlocking public and private capital for Africa Infrastructure” at the Global Conference on Financing for Development(FfD3) in July 2015, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.] If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? In my community, country and the world, I would not only change one thing but I will advance positive transformation for that thing. Conclusively, I will change poverty and turn it into prosperity. Tell us something interesting about yourself: Honestly, I am from a poor and humble background, so I have serious ambition of helping the fight against poverty through education. I am currently the Director for Economic Policy Unit within the Department of Economic Management; the nodal Department at the Ministry of Finance Development Planning which is responsible for the formulation and monitoring of economic policies for the Government of Liberia. I serve as the department focal person on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as Co-Chair for the steering committee on the National Human Development Report (NHDR) of 2015 in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Within the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), I serve as the Ministry’s focal person on the Technical Committee of experts on the macroeconomic and monetary convergence. By profession I am a Financial Economist. I obtained my Masters of Science degree with honor from the Bristol Business School in the United Kingdom specializin g in empirical finance. I also have a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the African Methodist Episcopal University in Liberia. My technical skills are noticeable in areas of economic analyses and report writing, growth model, financial programming, debt and money market operations, investment project appraisals, risk management, public finance issues, and econometric modeling for monetary policy analysis ,having attended short-term specialized courses at various renowned training institutions globally; including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Institute and the IMF Research Department in the USA, Duke University in the USA, Crown Agents International in the UK, and the West African Institute for Financial and Economic Management(WAIFEM) in Nigeria. I have also attended technical experts meetings globally; including South Africa, Algeria, Ethiopia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Ivory Coast, etc. In addition, I have held several positions at the Ministry since I joined the cohort in 2005; rising from a mere Bookkeeper position to Financial Analyst, then onwards to being the Assistant Director for Financial Reporting Unit in the Office of the Comptroller Accountant General in 2008. While serving in that capacity I introduced a multi-layer reporting template for cash expenditure report to include Forex transactions and bank reversals tracking. A report which is still widely use today by the International Monetary Fund as part of the country’s Extended Credit Facilities (ECF) conditionality. Having demonstrated exceptional professionalism and commitment, I was promoted to the position of Principal Financial Analyst assigned to the Office of the Deputy Minister for Expenditure Debt Management. My role included preparation, analysis and implementation of the national budget of the Government of Liberia. During my tenure, I developed templates used in monthly reporting on budge tary expenditures for line Ministries, Agencies and Commissions. I Monitors cash balances at the Central Bank of Liberia and compiled expenditure reports for fiscal policy decision making. My participation in internal and external Debt relief analysis helped Liberia to reaching the HIPC point for debt waiver and cancellation. I also served as Economist for Macroeconomic Analysis and Forecasting Section at the Macro-Fiscal Analysis Unit. While serving in that capacity, I was one of the fresh brains behind the introduction of the Annual Economic Review (AER) for Liberia in 2012. The last time such a report was ever produce for Liberia was 1976. The AER research report critically analyses the real, external, fiscal and monetary sectors of the economy as well as defining social dimension and its existence during a given year. The AER since 2012 is now used by donors and other stakeholders as trigger for budget supports and other in- kind gesture. Regarding my extra activities, I enjoy basketball, soccer and parties. Share your story by completing  the New Student Self-Interview Form  today!

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Procedures Essay - 1206 Words

My Procedures Getting their â€Å"Attention† Attention routines will probably be abundant and used in a specific way. I will use many chants and call backs to get my students’ attention during times of transition or to grab their attention. Some of the most frequently used ones are below. There are so many times when I will need to grab the students’ attention to get them to line up, ready to learn, back on task, or ready to move on in our learning and these call backs require that students let me know that they are paying attention and that they are transitioning or refocusing. Some will be effective and some will need adjusting. I will have to experiment each year with each new group of students and make adjustments as needed. Daily†¦show more content†¦Once this is done, I will also mark down for my records who is eating what so that I can help students get their food at lunch. This will also help so that I can keep track of the student’s lunch money as well. Getting Back and Giving Papers and Information I will use â€Å"mailboxes† to retrieve and give all important stuff in to get and give information, papers, classwork, projects, and any other communication needed to go home with students for their parents and then retrieve it in the morning each day. Students will retrieve their journals, papers, projects, classwork, and any homework going home that day from their mailbox that will be designated with their name on it. Typically loose papers will be in a folder as well. When they return each day they will place their journal and their folders back in their mailbox for me to review. Throughout the day, as we complete work tasks, they will place any papers they need to take home into their mailbox to be placed into their folder. Most of our work will be done in rotations and in small groups, thus a co-teacher or myself will hand them the work we are doing. If we are doing independent work or a worksheet, which will be rare, a student will be selected to hand out sheets to the class. Grades and any recordings of my observations will be kept in their designated recording books. Grades, or skills mastered, needing work, or notShow MoreRelatedEssay on civil procedure: 1633 Words   |  7 Pagesinstigation, to be detained in prison for a period not exceeding thirty days. Greatest care must be exercised during execution not to execute against a wrong party as this could amount to tress pass that may create both criminal and civil liability. PROCEDURES IN EXECUTION: In relation to Application for execution, where the holder of a decree desires to execute it, he or she shall apply to the court which passed the decree, or, if the decree has been sent under the provisions hereinbefore contained toRead MoreRecommended Procedure For Essay Writing1244 Words   |  5 Pagesand explaining complex material to others. Recommended procedure for essay writing Many books have been written on the subject of essay writing. You should try to read some of this to improve your essay writing technique; however, here is an outline of how you can tackle an essay assignment †¢ Unpack the question: Read the essay questions carefully, underlining key words, and considering carefully what the lecturer is really asking for in the essay. Pay attention to words like ‘describe’, ‘evaluate’Read MoreLegal Skills And Procedures Essay2249 Words   |  9 Pagesuk LEGAL SKILLS AND PROCEDURES ESSAY FOR JULY 2014 ‘‘The Master of the Rolls instructed Lord Justice Jackson to ‘review the rules and principles governing the costs of civil litigation and to make recommendations in order to promote access to justice at proportionate cost’. 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This paper discusses models, crime control and due process, and how each affects the criminal procedure; as well be an inclusion of the review and assessment of several amendments and how each applies to both models. Contrast between crime control and due process models The crime control model incorporates upholding principles that demonstrate theRead MoreDesign And Procedures Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Design and Procedures In order to conduct the study I used an observational method with 60 observations. These 60 subjects were split into two groups, 30 women socializing in mixed gender groups and 30 women socializing in same gender groups. These 30 individuals were in their late 20’s to early 30’s. Each group of 30 individuals were Caucasian. These 60 independent samples were chosen at random in local bars over the course of two months. Each participant signed an informed consent aboutRead MoreCriminal Procedure Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesCriminal Procedure Policy Savannah Slorp CJA/353 August 23, 2010 Mr. Krauser Abstract Criminal procedures are safeguards against the indiscriminate application of criminal laws and the wanton treatment of suspected criminals. Specifically, they are designed to enforce the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and defendants, beginning with initial police contact and continuing through arrest, investigation, trial, sentencing, and appeals. The main constitutional provisions regardingRead MoreEssay on Employee Procedures2214 Words   |  9 PagesEmployee Procedures The first thing that I have to do in this assignment is to describe the features of a typical contract of employment and then analyse it with my own contract of employment for WH Smiths and say what the differences are between the two. In the second part of this assignment I have to design and make a leaflet for Konrho explaining the responsibilitiesRead MoreEssay Standard Operating Procedure1502 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ SOP, or standard operating procedure, is a detailed, written instruction to achieve uniformity of the performance and appearance of a specific function. In the military the sop is suppose to be a reference for soldiers to consult whenever they have doubts about their knowledge on the proper way to complete an action. They have both operational and technical components, and they are essential to the development and deployment of solutions, as well as daily operations. My introduction to the BarracksRead MoreEssay Analytical Procedures953 Words   |  4 PagesThe objective of analytical procedures used in the overall review stage of the audit is to assist the auditor in assessing the conclusions reached and in the evaluation of the overall financial statement presentation. A wide variety of analytical procedures may be useful for this purpose. The overall review would generally include read ing the financial statements and notes and considering (a) the adequacy of evidence gathered in response to unusual or unexpected balances identified in planning the

Historical and Ethnographical Study of the Rastafari Religion

Historical and Ethnographical Study of the Rastafari Religion The Rastafari people are a group of (primarily) men that originated in Jamaica, especially in and around Kingston, who believe in being repatriated to a designated homeland in Africa. Through their reinterpretation of the bible, an ascetic-leaning lifestyle, and heavy influence of previous Revivalist religions and African Myal traditions, they have carved a religion that is worldly, conscientious, and , now, world renouned. Icons such as Bob Marley, spliffs, their red, gold, and green flag, and their memorable accent make these people very interesting to listen to, and definitely assist in disseminating their belief structure throughout†¦show more content†¦Following a period of nearly 50 years of post-slavery Revivalism, particularly Zion and Pukumina, efforts in Jamaica, some of the adherents were growing tired of the obeah, or the carried over mysticism. Zion Revivalism was more traditionally Christian, while Pukumina was much more varied and allowed for any spirit to possess, thus it was the more influenced by Myal. The Rasta religion was partially founded on attempts to eliminate these mystical elements, but there were many more causes that formed the religion. It originally rose up out of the black urban masses of Kingston. In the 1920s-40s there was a massive influx of migration into Kingston. Most had no guarantees of jobs, shelter, or survival, but the dwindling sugar trade, increased corporatization of agriculture, and lack of farmable land forced many into the slums around Trenchtown and Old Spanish Road. It was in these slums and ghettos that the early militancy and anger of Rasta was kindled. Some of Rastas predecessors were very charismatic people and led hundreds of their followers in street services, marches, and demonstrations against the downpressors, those that were part of Babylon, or the white establishment. They rallied around the calls to end European colonialism in Africa, increased the quality of living in their home slums, and the correction of the slave injustice and re patriation of Africans to their

Thematic Appreciation Test And Rorschach Inkbolt Test

Psychology while being a young science has taken over the various aspects of our lives. Psychology is used very liberally ranging from advertisement to job selection. Psychology has various tests that are used independently in order to diagnose and measure the behaviour of an individual. The psychological tests all have various usage and can measure different behaviours or diagnose mental health issues. There are numerous psychological tests and the focus of the paper is on the thematic appreciation test and Rorschach Inkbolt test. The tests are used on myriads of institutions and the popularity of these keep rising. The tests are used for identifying personality traits, canadites for particular roles, checking IQ levels and many more. Thematic appreciation test and the Rorschach Inkbolt test are both part of psychological tests. Both Thematic appreciation test and the Rorschach Inkbolt test are categorized under the projective psychological test. The popularity of thematic appreciat ion test and Rorschach Inkbolt test are very high. The paper will focus on the comparing and contrasting the Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test along with their usage. The projective tests are from a part of the psychological tests. Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test are popular forms of testing. Rorschach Inkbolt test and thematic appreciation test are mainly used to test for personality tests, when presented with the vague images, words and unclear scenes.

Ageism Reflection - 1037 Words

Ageism Reflection We all have someone in our life that is aging. There will be a big shift in our population within the next 3 years. The baby boomers are aging; between the years of 1946-1964 approximately 75 million Americans were born. (Clan, 2017) By the year of 2020 1 in 4 people will be considered older adults or over the age of 65. North Carolina, Florida, Arizona and California are states where the aging populations is choosing to retire. During Professor Lamb’s presentation, why the older population is choosing certain areas of North Carolina will have a higher population of older adults. North Carolina is a destination states due that mountains, beaches, shopping and golf courses and we also have increased and better health†¦show more content†¦I was on track to become a registered nurse and my clinical work involved working with Alzheimer’s patients. However, the training was much different compared to the training of empathy we have as social workers. The training wa s not trauma informed; I barely had time to listen to concerns of patients or showed that I cared. This is one of the main reasons why I decided to stop pursuing nursing and pursue social work. I wanted more of human interaction and positive communication based career. Besides my brief interaction with older adults in a nursing program I had no further knowledge of what to expect when someone was aging and how to emotionally and mentally care for them. I have cared for my grandfather who died of pancreatic cancer. What I wish I would have learned or known is how to cope with losing an family member that is aging and how to communicate with them family members because, that was a main barrier when caring for my grandfather. What stood out to me during Professor Lamb’s presentation; how age is a major factor in several of layoffs in a retail or technology industries. When a retail store files for bankruptcy and it’s time to rebrand they often try to attract a younger demographic and by that they begin to lay off employees who have been there for years. To sell more items and prevent bankruptcy again they try to persuade a younger population by storeShow MoreRelatedPositive and Negative Effects of Ageism Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages Ageism, the Third Great â€Å"ism† â€Å"Ageism has been called the ultimate prejudice, the last discrimination, the cruelest rejection,† Stein (unpublished). We as a people have defeated for the most part racism and sexism, but we have allowed the third great â€Å"ism† to remain unchallenged. â€Å"This widely practiced prejudice has gone on for generations and is known as ageism,† (Palmore, Erdman, Ballagh (1999). By definition, according to Webster’s Dictionary, it is discrimination against person’s of a certainRead MoreAge Stratification1183 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus. Age stratification and ageism are very closely related; one cannot exist without the other. Age stratification separates people into three primary groups according to their age; the young, the old and the rest. Ageism is the process of systematic stereotyping or discrimination, takes over from there by being an enacted series of prejudices against a person or group based on their age, just as racism and sexis m accomplish with skin colour and gender. Ageism allows the younger generations toRead MoreThe Oldest, Wicked Problem : Reflections Of An Old Soul Essay2247 Words   |  9 PagesProblem: Reflections of an Old Soul Growing up, I never quite fit in with my peer group. This was due to a variety of factors which include, but are not limited to, my sexuality, my quirky personality, and my physical disabilities. However, one of the most impactful reasons I have related more to older people rather than my own peer group stems from what many consider to be the concept of an â€Å"old soul†. This paper will elaborate on this concept, and how it relates to my wicked problem of ageism in modernRead MoreAgeism and the Elderly2651 Words   |  11 PagesAgeism and the Elderly Decrepit, senile, over the hill, old fart or slow driver are often the words you hear when referring to â€Å"the elderly†. In 1969, Robert Butler, the first director of the National Institute on Aging was the first to use the term â€Å"ageism† to describe the stereotyping of people because of their age. The term ageism contains a negative bias or attitude toward the aging. This it a form of discrimination. While there is other ‘isms used in American society; sexism, or racismRead MoreAgeism in Healthcare6728 Words   |  27 Pagesï » ¿ Age Related Healthcare Discrimination (Ageism) in Healthcare Student Name Professor Name DHA-865 July 14, 2013 Age Related Healthcare Discrimination (Ageism) in Healthcare While the â€Å"Greatest Generation† is a title often given to those Americans who lived and died during the era of the Great Depression and World War II, their offspring, the â€Å"Baby Boom† generation, significantly shaped and improved the American landscape as well if for no greater reason thanRead MoreDis Engagement Theory And The Active Theory2072 Words   |  9 Pageswithdrawal that the process between ageing person and the social system of which they belong such as gradual withdrawal from society. However the theory viewed that this theory is positive and right way for elderly because it is an age increased reflection that helps self-decreased emotional investment in people and events. They also believe that adults isolate themselves from society and think that it will not affect them through their li9fe stages. They also believe that it is a natural processRead MoreWho Are You Calling Old? Negotiating Old Age Identity in the Elderly Consumption Ensemble Mich elle Barnhart Àà º Lisa Penaloza18943 Words   |  76 Pagesthe interview. Interviews were concluded with informants’ reï ¬â€šections on what it means to be old and their own aging. Interviews with paid caregivers and family members differed slightly in that initial questions established their relationship to the older person, the age of the older person, and their understanding of the older person’s physical and cognitive condition. At the end of the interview, informants were asked for their reï ¬â€šections on being a caregiver. 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Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Financial Planning Free Essays

string(32) " premium is estimated to be 6%\." Assignment| Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Financial Planning| Chapter(s)| 9, 10, 12| Group Name| | Student Name(s)| | Date| | Instructions: HW Assignments will be uploaded to Kean Blackboard and must be accessed from there. You must work in groups where assigned (or independently if not assigned to groups) on homework assignments. Points are noted against each question. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Financial Planning or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are required to submit Home Work assignments electronically on Kean Blackboard using MS-Office or other text editor. You are required to complete your assignments as per the due date indicated by the Professor. Total Points in Assignment: 100 (Points scored will be scaled down to a maximum of 15 towards the final grade) Assignment: Part I: Cost of Capital During the last few years, Harry Davis Industries has been too constrained by the high cost of capital to make many capital investments. Recently, though, capital costs have been declining, and the company has decided to look seriously at a major expansion program that has been proposed by the marketing department. Assume that you are an assistant to Leigh Jones, the financial vice-president. Your first task is to estimate Harry Davis’s cost of capital. Financial Statements iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/financial-statements-2/embed/#?secret=vw3HS70LFw" data-secret="vw3HS70LFw" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Financial Statements#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Jones has provided you with the following data, which she believes may be relevant to your task: a) The firm’s tax rate is 40%. b) The current price of Harry Davis’s 12% coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity is $1,153. 72. Harry Davis does not use short-term interest-bearing debt on a permanent basis. New bonds would be privately placed with no flotation cost. c) The current price of the firm’s 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116. 95. Harry Davis would incur flotation costs equal to 5% of the proceeds on a new issue. ) Harry Davis’s common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. Its last dividend (D0) was $3. 12, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5. 8% in the foreseeable future. Harry Davis’s beta is 1. 2; the yield on T-bonds is 5. 6%; and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%. You read "Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Finan cial Planning" in category "Papers" For the over-own-bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 3. 2%judgmental risk premium. e) Harry Davis’s target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60%common equity. To help you structure the task, Leigh Jones has asked you to answer the following questions. . What sources of capital should be included when you estimate Harry Davis’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? Should the component costs be figured on a before-tax or an after-tax basis? Should the costs be historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? (5 points) Sources of capital to be included to estimate WACC are * Long term debt – to be considered after tax * Preferred stock – to be considered before tax ( preferred stock is not tax deductible) * Common equity – to be considered before tax When it comes to corporate financing, most firms incorporate tax effects in the cost of capital. For this reason, component costs should be calculated on an after-tax basis. In financial management the WACC is used primarily to make investment decisions and these decisions hinge on projects expected future returns versus the cost of new or marginal capital that will be used to finance these projects. Thus the relevant cost it marginal cost of new debt to be raised during the planning period 2. What is the market interest rate on Harry Davis’s debt, and what is the component cost of this debt for WACC purposes? (3 points) Pre -Tax cost of Debt is the YTM in the case of a Bond. The current price of Harry Davis’s 12% coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity is $1,153. 72. We used the RATE function in Excel to calculate the YTM: n| 30| PV| -1153. 72| pmt| 60| FV| 1000| Rate (i)| 5%| =RATE(30,60,-1153. 72,1000) = 5% Since this is a semiannual rate, we multiplied by 2 to find the annual rate, which is the pre-tax cost of debt. 5% x 2 = 10% = rd After tax component cost of debt = Interest Rate – Tax Savings = rd – rdT We calculated that the rd is 10%, and it is stated above that the tax rate is 40%. rd(1 – T) = 10. %(1 – 0. 40) = 10. 0%(0. 60) = 6. 0 = 6% component cost of debt, which is the after-tax cost of debt. 3. What is the firm’s cost of preferred stock? (3 points) The current price of the firm’s 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116. 95. Harry Davis would incur flotation costs equal to 5% of the proceeds on a new issue. The cost of preferred stock is simply the preferred dividend divided by the price the company will receive if it issues new preferred stock. No tax adjustment is necessary, as preferred dividends are not tax deductible. Dps is the Preferred dividend = . 10($100) = $10 Pps is the preferred stock price = $116. 95 F is the flotation cost as a percentage of proceeds = 5% rps = Dps / Pps(1-F) = $10 / 111. 10 = 0. 09 = 9% cost of preferred stock 4. Would you expect Harry Davis’s preferred stock to be more riskier or less riskier to investors than its debt? Compare the preferred stock yield to the yield to maturity on the debt and explain the risk/return trade-off between preferred stock and debt from an investor’s point of view. (3 points) Preferred stocks are riskier to investors than debt. Corporations own most preferred stock, because 70% of preferred dividends are non-taxable to corporations. Therefore, preferred stock often has a lower before-tax yield than the before-tax yield on debt. But, the after-tax costs to the issuer are higher on preferred stock than debt. This is consistent with the higher risks of preferred stock. 5. Harry Davis doesn’t plan to issue new shares of common stock. Using the CAPM approach, what is Harry Davis’s estimated cost of equity? (2 points) Harry Davis’s beta is 1. 2; the yield on T-bonds is 5. 6%; and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%. Risk-free rate: 5. 6% Market risk premium: 6% Beta: 1. 2 rs = Risk-free rate + (Market risk premium) (Beta) rs = rRF + (RPM) bi rs = . 056 + (. 06)(1. 2) = 0. 128 = 12. 8% estimated cost of equity using CAPM approach 6. What is the estimated cost of equity using the discounted cash flow (DCF) approach? (2 points) Harry Davis’s common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. Its last dividend (D0) was $3. 12, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5. 8% in the foreseeable future. P0 = $50 D0 = $3. 12 g = 5. 8% D1 = $3. 30 rs = D1/P0 + g D1= D0(1+g)= $3. 12(1+. 058) = $3. 30 s = ($3. 30/$50)+5. 8% = 6. 6% +5. 8% = 12. 4% estimated cost of equity using DCF approach 7. Suppose the firm has historically earned 15% on equity (ROE) and retained 62% of earnings, and investors expect this situation to continue in the future. How could you use this information to estimate the future dividend growth rate, and what growth rate would you get? Is this consistent with t he 5. 8% growth rate provided by Jones? (2 points) Payout rate = 100% – 62% = 38% ROE = 15% Growth from earnings retention model: g = (Retention rate)(ROE) g = (1 – Payout rate)(ROE) g = (1 – 0. 38)(15%) = 9. %. Using the Earnings Retention Model, the estimated future dividend growth rate is 9. 3%, which is almost twice the growth rate provided by Jones, and hence inconsistent. Note that the earning retention model assumes the retention and payout rate will remain constant, as will the ROE on new investments. Under these assumptions, the earnings growth and dividends growth rate will also be constant. 8. What is the cost of equity based on the bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium method? (2 points) For the over-own-bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 3. %judgmental risk premium. We calculated earlier that the company’s bond yield is 10%. rs= rd + Judgmental risk premium rs= 10. 0% + 3. 2% = 13. 2% cost of equity based on b ond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium method 9. What is your final estimate for the cost of equity, rs? (2 points) CAPMrs = 12. 8% DCF rs= 12. 4% Bond-yield-plus-judgmental-risk-premium risk rs = 13. 2% Average rs= 12. 8% Final estimate for the cost of equity, rs = 12. 8% 10. What is Harry Davis’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? (2 points) The firm’s tax rate is 40%. Harry Davis’s target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60%common equity. We calculated earlier that the pre-tax cost of debt, rd is 10%, the cost of preferred stock, rps is 9% and the cost of equity, rs is 12. 8%. Wd = 30% rd = 10% T = 40% Wps = 10% rps = 9% Ws = 60% rs = 12. 8% WACC= wdrd(1 – T) + wpsrps + wsrs WACC= 0. 30(. 10)(1 ? 0. 40) + 0. 10(. 09) + 0. 60(. 128) = . 1038 = 10. 38% weighted average cost of capital 11. What four common mistakes in estimating the WACC should Harry Davis avoid? (2 points) Four common mistakes that are to be avoided are 1. Using current cost of debt (instead of historical cost of debt) 2. Mixing current and historical measures to calculate MRP 3. Using book weights to estimate the weight for capital structure (instead of market weights) 4. Misidentifying the capital component sources Part II: Capital Budgeting You have just graduated from the MBA program of a large university, and one of your favorite courses was â€Å"Today’s Entrepreneurs. † In fact, you enjoyed it so much you have decided you want to â€Å"be your own boss. † While you were in the master’s program, your grandfather died and left you $1 million to do with as you please. You are not an inventor and you do not have a trade skill that you can market; however, you have decided that you would like to purchase at least one established franchise in the fast-foods area, maybe two (if profitable). The problem is that you have never been one to stay with any project for too long, so you figure that your time frame is three years. After three years you will sell off your investment and go on to something else. You have narrowed your selection down to two choices; (1) Franchise L, Lisa’s Soups, Salads, ; Stuff and (2) Franchise S, Sam’s Fabulous Fried Chicken. The net cash flows shown below include the price you would receive for selling the franchise in Year 3 and the forecast of how each franchise will do over the three-year period. Franchise L’s cash flows will start off slowly but will increase rather quickly as people become more health conscious, while Franchise S’s cash flows will start off high but will trail off as other chicken competitors enter the marketplace and as people become more health conscious and avoid fried foods. Franchise L serves breakfast and lunch, while Franchise S serves only dinner, so it is possible for you to invest in both franchises. You see these franchises as perfect complements to one another: You could attract both the lunch and dinner crowds and the health conscious and not so health conscious crowds without the franchises directly competing against one another. Here are the net cash flows (in thousands of dollars): Depreciation, salvage values, net working capital requirements, and tax effects are all included in these cash flows. You also have made subjective risk assessments of each franchise, and concluded that both franchises have risk characteristics that require a return of 10%. You must now determine whether one or both of the franchises should be accepted. . What is the difference between independent and mutually exclusive projects? (2 points) Independent projects are those projects whose cash flows are not affected by other projects. If Costco is considering opening a new store in Los Angeles and another one in New York, they would be independent. Mutually exclusive projects are two different metho ds of attaining the same result. If one is accepted the other would be rejected. If Costco were considering relocating its corporate headquarters to Los Angeles or New York, only one of the 2 locations will be selected thus rejecting the alternate location. When projects are mutually exclusive, it means they do the same job or have the same purpose. 2. Define the term net present value (NPV). What is each franchise’s NPV? (4 points) Net Present Value is defined as the present value of project’s cash inflows minus the present value of its costs. It tells us how the project contributes to shareholder wealth. The larger the NPV the more value the project adds and thus the higher the stock price. NPV = CF0 + CF1/ (1+r)1 + CF2/(1+r)2 + CF3/(1+r)3†¦.. + CFN/(1+r)N r = 10% Franchise L CF0L = -100 CF1L = 10 CF2L = 60 CF3L = 80 NPVL= CF0L + CF1L/ (1+r)1 + CF2L/(1+r)2 + CF3L/(1+r)3 = -100 +10/(1+. 10)1 + 60/(1. 10)2 + 80/(1. 10)3 = -100 + 9. 09 + 49. 59 + 60. 11 = $18. 79 Franchise S CF0S = -100 CF1S = 70 CF2S = 50 CF3S = 20 NPVS= CF0S + CF1S/ (1+r)1 + CF2S/(1+r)2 + CF3S/(1+r)3 = -100 +70/(1+. 10)1 + 50/(1. 10)2 + 20/(1. 10)3 = -100 + 63. 64 + 41. 32 + 15. 03 = $19. 99 3. What is the rationale behind the NPV method? According to NPV, which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? How would the NPVs change if the cost of capital changed? (4 points) NPV is generally regarded as the best single screening criterion, primarily because it is directly related to the firm’s central goal of maximizing the stock’s intrinsic value. NPV tells us how the project contributes to shareholder wealth. The larger the NPV the more value the project adds and thus the higher the stock price. A negative NPV indicates sufficient cash is not being generated from the project to meet cost associated with the project. Zero NPV indicates that cash generated is only sufficient to cover costs. Positive NPV on the other hand indicates that the inflow of cash is larger than the outflow. NPV rules dictate that if projects are independent, both projects should be accepted as long as they have a positive NPV. In this case both Franchise S ; L have positive NPV’s and should be accepted. If projects are mutually exclusive, then the project with the larger NPV should be selected. In this case, Franchise S has a higher NPV indicating that the returns from investing in Franchise S is larger and thus Franchise S should be selected. 4. Define the term internal rate of return (IRR). What is each franchise’s IRR? (4 points) IRR is the discount rate that forces the PV of the inflow of a project to equal the initial cost. In other words it forces the NPV to be zero. IRR is an estimate of the projects rate of return and it is comparable to the YTM on a bond. NPV = CF0 + CF1/ (1+IRR)1 + CF2/(1+IRR)2 + CF3/(1+IRR)3†¦.. + CFN/(1+IRR)N = 0 Using Excel function IRR | Expected | | net cash flows | Year (t)| Franchise L| Franchise S| 0 | ($100)| ($100)| 1 | 10 | 70 | 2 | 60 | 50 | 3 | 80 | 20 | IRR| 18. 13%| 23. 56%| IRRL = 18. 13% IRRS = 23. 56% 5. What is the logic behind the IRR method? According to IRR, which franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? How would the IRRs change if cost of capital changed? 4 points) IRR is an estimate of a projects rate of return. If the return exceeds the cost of funds used to finance the project, then the difference is a bonus that goes to the firm’s stockholders and causes the stock price to rise. So if the WACC/hurdle rate(r) is less than the estimated return IRR, it indicates project will be profitable. As in NPV where zero i s the threshold above which the project is considered profitable, r is the threshold above which IRR is considered profitable In the condition where Franchise S and L are independent, both franchises have positive IRR’s and thus both franchises should be accepted. However, when both franchises are mutually exclusive, the franchise with the larger IRR has to be selected, which in this case Franchise S. 6. Construct NPV profiles for Franchises L and S. At what discount rate do the profiles cross? From the NPV profile which franchise or franchises should be accepted if they are independent? Mutually exclusive? Explain. (6 points) NPV Profile for Franchise S ; LCost of Capital = 10%| | Year =| 0| 1| 2| 3| Project S| -100. 00| 70| 50| 20| Project L| -100. 00| 10| 60| 80| | | | | | | r| NPVS| NPVL| | | 0%| $40. 00| $50. 00| | | 5%| $29. 29| $33. 05| | 8. 68%| $22. 32| $22. 32| | | 10%| $19. 98| $18. 78| | | 15%| $11. 83| $6. 67| | | 18. 126%| $7. 23| $0. 00| | | 20%| $4. 63| -$3. 70| | | 23. 564%| $0. 00| -$10. 20| | On this plot the X Axis is the cost of capital and the Y axis is the NPV. IRR is the discount rate at which profile line crosses the X axis. Profiles crossover at an 8. 68% cost of capital. Based on the plot, the NPV for both Franchise S and Franchise L have NPV’s above the cost of capital indicating cash inflow is larger than the costs and thus both projects should be selected if they are independent of each other. On the other hand, if the projects are mutually exclusive, the project with the larger x-intercept (higher IRR), which is Franchise S, should be accepted. 7. What is the underlying cause of ranking conflicts between NPV and IRR? (3 points) Ranking conflicts occur when cost of Capital is higher than crossover rate which causes NPV and IRR to point in different directions. The two basic conditions that cause these conflicts are * Timing difference: When one project receives majority of the cash early while the other receives it later. This is the reason for conflict between Franchise S ; Franchise L * Project size (scale) difference: Significant difference in invested amount can cause a conflict When either timing or size differences occur, the firm will have different amounts of funds to invest in other projects depending on which of the two mutually exclusive projects it chooses. Given this situation, the rate of return at which differential cash flows can be reinvested is a critical issue. Therefore, whenever conflict exists between mutually exclusive projects, NPV method is better to use. 8. What is the â€Å"reinvestment rate assumption,† and how does it affect the NPV versus IRR conflict? (3 points) NPV calculation is based on the assumption that cash inflows can be reinvested at the projects risk adjusted WACC, whereas the IRR calculation is based on the assumption that cash inflows can be reinvested at the IRR itself. Since NPV assumes reinvestment at cost of capital which is more realistic and is typically lower than the IRR (cash flows generally cannot be reinvested at heir IRR), so NPV is the more reasonable method. NPV should be used to choose between mutually exclusive projects. . Define the term modified IRR (MIRR). Find the MIRRs for Franchises L and S. (4 points) IRR overstates the expected rate of return for accepted projects because cash flows cannot be reinvested at the IRR. The Modified IRR (MIRR) rectifies this problem by assuming reinvestment at the WACC or any other reasonable rate. Using excel function MIRR, we calculated the MIRR for Franchise L and S. WACC| 10%| | | | year| 1| 1| 2| 3| Franchise L| ($100)| 10| 60| 80| Franchise S| ($100)| 70| 50| 20| | | | | | MIRRL| 16. 50%| | | | MIRRS| 16. 89%| | | | 10. What are the MIRR’s advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the regular IRR? What are the MIRR’s advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the NPV? (4 points) MIRR has two significant advantages over IRR. First, MIRR assumes reinvestments at cost of capital rather than investment at IRR which is generally not correct. Thus, MIRR is usually a better indicator of profitability. In addition, the MIRR eliminates the multiple IRR problem because there can never be more than one MIRR, and it can be compared with the cost of capital when deciding on accepting or rejecting projects. MIRR does not always lead to the same decision as NPV in the case of mutually exclusive projects where difference in size and timing can give rise to conflicts. In these considerations, NPV is a better indicator as it selects the project that maximizes value. However, MIRR is superior to the regular IRR as an indicator of a project’s â€Å"true† rate of return. Part III: Forecasting Financial Statements Matthews Industries’ most recent financial statements are available in the attached Excel worksheet and also in the partial model file Ch12 P11 Build a Model. xls from the textbook’s web site. Matthews Industries’ financial planners must forecast the company’s financial results for the coming year. The forecast will be based on the forecasted financial statements method, and any additional funds needed will be obtained by using notes payable. Complete the partial model and answer the following questions. 1. Assume that the firm’s 2010 profit margin, payout ratio, capital intensity ratio, and spontaneous liabilities to sales ratio remain constant. If sales grow by 10% in 2011, what is the required external capital the firm will need in 2011 as calculated by the AFN equation? 10 points) AFNMatthews =| Add’l Req’d Assets| ? | Spontaneous liabilities| ? | Add’n to RE| =| (A0*/S0)? S | ? | (L0*/S0)? S | ? | S1 ? M ? (1–POR)|   | | | | | |   | =| (A0*/S0)(gS0) | ? | (L0*/S0)(gS0) | ? | S1 ? M ? (1–POR)|   | | | | | |   | =| $660| ? | $74. 70| ? | $257. 73|   | | | | | |   | AFNMatthews =| $327. 27| million|    |   |   |   | The required external capital for 2011 as calculated by AFN is 327. 27 Million. 2. If 2010 ratios remain constant, what is Matthews’ self-supporting growth rate? How will the self-supporting growth rate change if each of the following changes occur: (1) the profit margin declines, (2) the payout ratio increases, or (3) the capital intensity ratio declines? (10 points) | PM(1 – POR)(S0)| $234. 30|   | Self-supporting g =| =| | = 4. 17%| | A0* – L0* – PM(1 – POR)S0| $5,615. 70|   | Mathew’s self-supporting growth is calculated to be 4. 17%. Effect on Self-Supporting growth when all ratios are kept constant except one ratio is changed as follows 1) When the profit margin declines, the self-supporting growth percentage drops. Assuming that everything else is constant and M falls to 2. 55%, self-supporting growth g would fall to 2. 96% 2) When Payout-ratio increases, self-supporting growth percentage drops. Assuming that everything else is constant and POR increases to 55%, self-supporting growth g would fall to 3. 39% 3) When capital intensity ratio (A0*/S0) declines, it does not change the self-supporting growth 3. Matthews’ management has reviewed its financial statements and arrived at two possible scenarios for 2011. The first scenario assumes a steady state while the second scenario, the target scenario, shows some improvement in ratios toward industry-average values. Forecasted values for the scenarios are shown in the partially completed file Ch12 P11 Build a Model. xls. If Matthews assumes that external financing is achieved through notes payable and financing feedbacks are not considered because the new notes payable are added at the end of the year, what are the firm’s forecasted AFN, EPS, DPS, and year-end stock price under each scenario? (14 points) Using the file Chapter 12P11 Build a Model. ls, forecasted values for scenarios are as follows: Forecasted Values| Steady State| Target State| AFN| $324. 40 Million| -332. 50 Million| EPS| $3. 16| $5. 66| DPS| $1. 42| $2. 41| Year-end Stock Price| $25. 27| $70. 79| See excel file submitted separately for detailed calculations on Part III. Scoring Sheet: Question #| Max Points| Points scored| Part I| | | 1| 5| | 2| 3| | 3| 3| | 4| 3| | 5 | 2| | 6| 2| | 7| 2| | 8| 2| | 9| 2| | 10| 2| | 11| 2| | Part II| | | 1| 2| | 2| 4| | 3| 4| | 4| 4| | 5| 4| | 6| 6| | 7| 3| | 8| 3| | 9| 4| | 10| 4| | Part III| | | 1| 10| | 2| 10| | 3| 14| | TOTAL| 100| | | | | Points towards final grade| 15| | How to cite Cost of Capital, Capital Budgeting and Financial Planning, Papers

Inspiration At Its Best free essay sample

Before tenth grade it seemed like everyday I dealt with a new issue, whether formed in my household or in school.Nothing ever seemed to go right.In tenth grade I met this guy named Briggs.I did not know much about him nor his story.On a Thursday, Briggs slowly started to approach me, while glaring into my eyes.He then was standing right in front of me.Briggs then looked up to me and stuck his hand out.â€Å"Hi, my name is Briggs.What is your name?†I paused for a second.â€Å"Chris, nice to meet you.†Briggs and I started hanging out with each other and begun to grow closer.A few weeks passed of growing closer, Briggs and I then soon realized we would be best friends until the day we die, this then resulted in us sharing about our issues and difficulties.One day Briggs just came out and said, very hesitantly. We will write a custom essay sample on Inspiration At Its Best or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Chris I have a severe immune deficiency.Its where I have no immune system, unlike you.I can get severely sick really easy.†Briggs paused†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"My brother, Tyler, passed away from it also.†I then thought to myself†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"†I’m going to sound stupid if I tell him what I’m dealing with, and I take my siblings for granted.What am I thinking†¦?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Briggs†, I said.â€Å"I love you.You are a warrior and have fought like nobodys business.I love you.†At the end of last school year, as far as I can remember the doctors admitted him in and out of Cooks Childrens Hospital, it seemed every other day, to give blood test, chemo, and other test done on him.Doctors continued to look for a bone marrow donor for well over a year.On Wednesday, August 26, 2014 Briggs became very ill and the doctors did not think him living through the night is a possibility.Everyone had gone up to the hospital, talked to him, as well as prayed for him.The next couple days, after seeing him and praying for him, he suddenly started to do much better.For instance, moving his legs, mouthing words, and moving his arms.Briggs inspired me in so many different ways.When I saw him on that Wednesday night, I had so many emotional tears rolling down my face.Seeing him in so much pain made me absolutely distraught, but it showed me how strong he was.Briggs fought to lead a normal life just like the rest of us.It showed me to never give up on anything, no matter what the situation might be, but he is going through a lot more pain than anyone could possibly imagine just to see the light at the end of HIS tunnel.This made me realize that my problems are not as big as his are and nor will they ever be.Briggs showed not only me, but everyone else that was there that night that he is not only a fighter but he is an almighty warrior with a will to fight against anything that steps in front of him with a personality and heart bigger than li fe itself.

Communication and Distributed Resources †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Communication and Distributed Resources. Answer: Introduction Power blackout has been a phenomenon witnessed in South Australia State with more focus on its implications on the life of South Australians. Power failure is a serious problem that left many citizens counting losses prompting government intervention. System engineering problem is contributed to a number of factors that point to the interplay of these factors. Some of these factors include energy source problems, power generation, power transmission problems and human or political factors. The interplay of these factors is a major contributing factor to the instability of power coupled with blackouts and failures to restart these power systems. The challenge that current power system poses to South Australian government is the recipe for finding a long-lasting solution to the energy problem. The only viable alternative energy is the introduction of a greener cheaper and stable energy solution into the South Australian energy network. The following paper explores the system engineerin g problems for the SA State power problem and finding greener cheaper and stable energy solution. System engineering problem that results in the power issue in South Australia State can be traced to many interlinked factors. These factors include a power source, power generation, transmission and human or political factors. A critical understanding of these factors sheds more light on the system engineering problems that contribute to a power issue in South Australia State. Wind power source though plays a significant role in green energy used in the South Australia State. Wind power has unstable transmission challenges due to its frequency when under different wind frequency. This is quite challenging when it comes to connecting most of wind power lines to the main grid. In terms of connectivity, wind as a source of power poses challenges to the interconnector due to these irregular transmissions of power from wind farms. The challenge has contributed to frequent trips or shutdowns that are reported through Australian Energy Market Operator. In addition, various generator failures also contribute to the power problems that are experienced in the South Australia state. For instance, failure of Mintaro emergency diesel generator once contributed to the massive electricity failure. The effort to revive this generator failed as it was damaged by storm (Sykes, Adamiak Brunello 2006, pp. 145-158). Power generation as system engineering problem Nearly 40% of the electricity used within the South Australia state is generated from wind power. Wind power energy is prone to system engineering problems that are a cursive factor for power issue. Interconnecting the wind power into the grid is a couple with engineering challenges such as the need for back up by baseload power for days when the wind to generate power is not available. In addition, wind power requires perfect harmony of 50 cycles (50 hertz) every second day for the supply and demand operation (Weber 2016, pp 1-5). When the frequency gets beyond the tune the connectors trips the shutdown switch. This is because the wind power is asynchronous its frequency fluctuates in response to the winds. Reduction in the power generated has also been realized within the power network especially within the power generation stations. The inability of some power generators to restart due to lower power, this was seen in the case of Torrens Island power station which needed enough po wer from Victoria interconnectors (Verzosa 2011). The system engineering issues are also witnessed in the transmission of power that is coupled with many interconnectors. One of the transmission power problems that highly result in the power outage is the instability of power connectors. The instability of these interconnectors makes the addition of the South Australia power to the electricity network difficult to stabilize the power frequency on the network (Waldhuter 2016, pp 23). For instance, during one of the power blackout, many different interconnectors switched off though some were immediately switched on before the power failure. The report by Australian Energy Market Operator indicates that the first interconnector switch-off was realized near Adelaide though it was later automatically reset. The second switch-off was between Brinkworth and Templars which was followed by Davenport Belalie line, this line was reset and tripped some nine seconds later. At the point of these interconnector trips, Hallet Wind Farm reduced its power output by 123 MW followed by a massive fault that saw 257kV transmission line fails. At the end of the fault, nearly nine wind power farms shutdown casting doubt on the capacity of these power farms. Furthermore, most of the power farms reduced their power output causing irregular transmission and subsequently interconnectors tripped (Fischer et al 2012, pp1). Human and political factors also contribute to system engineering failure that has highly contributed to a power failure in South Australia State. Firstly, human errors and failure to inspect the system contributes to the power issue. It reported that there are continuous reductions of wind power output that can be attributed to human errors. Secondly, political factors such as licensing of supplier firms also contributed to power failures resulting in power blackouts. AEMO signed contracts with different companies to supply various systems some which failure or damaged raising the credibility concerns of these firms (Weber 2016, pp 1). For instance, AEMO signed a contract with system restart ancillary service to restart the network yet it did not due to its location within the power network. This was after Mintaro Emergency Diesel generator was severely damaged by the storms experienced in the country. Conclusively, power failures can also be attributed to power licensing and select ion of energy equipment suppliers in the country. The political class of Australia lead by the prime minister who indicated the massive failure of wind power farms (Bourke Koziol 2016, pp 1). Storms and weather is another factor that contributes to power problems witnessed in South Australia State. Frequent storms and bad weather that destroy grid are critical factors that have to lead to failure of the system (Edwards, Puddy Owen 2016). This is causing massive system engineering challenges as the storms sometimes destroy important power generators. Moreover, weather changes especially wind direction and fluctuation of breeze affects the wind power generation which forms 40% of power in South Australia State. Political interference on the power generation stations is another important issue as was the case of one failure (Courier Mail 2013). Greener stable and cheaper energy is an important solution for the power issue that has been experienced in South Australia State. Finding greener stable cheaper energy solutions entails many different factors that need to interplay. Firstly, development of energy regulations and policies is an important factor for consideration. To find a greener stable and cheap energy solution requires establishing policies by the government that will help set energy policies such as cheap energy sources. In addition, policies need to open ground for establishing of energy suppliers that will be ready to offer cheaper energy at a cheaper price. Greener energy solution should factor in the need for renewable and cleaner energy source. The energy solution should be stable with minimal power failures as compared to the current power system. Energy regulations should give the greener companies opportunity and capacity to provide energy without any restriction. The regulation should also change the nat ional electricity market given its fragility and need to bring other greener energy solutions such as solar power (Tziouvaras 2007, pp. 251-270). Stakeholders contribution to greener energy solution The government regulation on greener energy solution should consider those companies that are providing greener energy first. Empowering companies which are the major stakeholders in the energy system is important for an energy solution. This implies that those companies that are already venturing into greener energy should be allowed to provide the energy to their full capacity without any political interference. The progress of this company will give the direction on other companies that can also be allowed to provide greener energy within South Australia. Energy licensing agency, therefore, an important role in ensuring current greener companies is given the opportunity to supply power. Moreover, the strategy gives priority to a first company that is already providing greener energy before allowing the second company to come in and provide energy (Renew Economy 2016). Greener energy needs to be stable, cheaper and compliment the current source of energy that is characterized by system failures. Firstly, with the current high energy bills that are affecting most Australians, there is a need for a cheaper greener energy solution. Cheaper energy sources need to have low pollution and complies with the current green energy regulations. Secondly, greener energy solution needs to be stable with the ability to reduce power outages as compared to the current energy source used in South Australia State. A greener energy needs to be developed in a way that has minimal transmission challenges in order to maintain stability throughout the year. Thirdly, greener energy allows interconnectivity with other energy networks without compromising the stability of the network. The connection of a greener energy source to the current energy system can allow usage of energy mix which is stable and cheaper as compared to other sources of energy (Climate Council 2016). Example of the greener energy solution One example of greener stable and cheaper energy solution is the solar power energy solutions. Solar power has been shown to be one of the greener energy sources due to its renewable nature. Solar power energy has a continuous power supply, especially when connected with a suitable battery capable of storing power for a long time. Solar power energy solutions have proved to be cheaper as compared to other energy sources that require maintenance cost for continuous power supply. The stability of the solar energy rests on it continuous supply and lack of interconnectors required to make the transmission lines. It only takes a supply of solar components that are provided to households. For instance, the Virtual Power Plant that is currently under trial in South Australia. The solar energy system consists of a 5Kw solar panel and 1.3kWh Tesla Powerwall 2 battery supplied to each household. This greener energy is cheaper and estimated to cost a bill of 30% lower as compared to current ele ctricity bill in South Australia (Heniche, Kamwa Dobrescu 2013, pp. 1-5.143 ). Conclusion In conclusion, massive power blackout experienced in South Australia is attributed to several factors. Some of these factors include power generation problems, energy sources issue, power transmission issue, physical factors and human or political factors. The interplay of these factors result in faulty transmission and subsequent power shutdown or power blackouts experienced. To help find a lasting solution to these challenges finding a greener cheaper and stable energy solution is the best alternative. This, therefore, necessitate the need for energy regulations that allow those current companies that offer greener energy to provide energy in full capacity before introducing other companies. References Bourke, L. Koziol, M. (2016) Minister Josh Frydenberg, senator Nick Xenophon question renewable in wake of South Australia blackout. Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/energy-minister-josh-frydenberg-says-south-australia-blackout-raises-questions-about-renewables-20160928-grques.html [Accessed on 30 September 2016] Climate Council (2016) Myth busting: electricity prices in South Australia. Stock A and Stock P. Available at: https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/uploads/e993194468726947cbd7c4f7216a2316.pdf Courier Mail, (2013) Almost 250,000 homes without power as weather hits SEQ electricity grid. Available at https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/almost250000homeswithoutpowerasweatherhitsseqelectricitygrid/storye6freon61226563631914 [Accessed on January 28, 2013] Edwards, V.; Puddy, R. Owen, M. (2016) Storm leaves SA without power, heads to NSW, Victoria, Tasmania. The Australian. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/cyclonic-storm-plunges-south-australia-into-the-dark-ages/news-story/480dadb0440519a433b7631b7de1e293 [Accessed on 30 September 2016] Fischer, G. et al, (2012) Tutorial on Power Swing Blocking and Out-of-step Tripping, presented at 39th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, October, available at https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6577_TutorialPower_JBF_20120911_Web.pdf?v=20151125-094320 Heniche, A. Kamwa I. Dobrescu, M. (2013) Hydro-Qubec's defense plan: Present and future, 2013 IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting, Vancouver, BC, pp. 1-5.143 Renew Economy, (2016) SA Blackout may lead to more batteries and microgrids. Available at: https://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/sablackoutmayleadtomorebatteriesandmicrogrids-67618 SA Power Networks, (2016) Power Outages. Available at: https://outage.apps.sapowernetworks.com.au/OutageReport/OutageSearch?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 Sykes, J., Adamiak M. Brunello, G. (2006) Implementation and Operational Experience of a Wide Area Special Protection Scheme on the SRP System, 2006 Power Systems Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources, Clemson, SC, pp. 145-158 Tziouvaras, D. (2007) Relay Performance During Major System Disturbances, presented at 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, pp. 251-270, available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4201100/ Verzosa, Q. (2011) Realistic Testing of Power Swing Blocking and Out-of-Step Tripping Functions, Proceedings of the 38th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Spokane, WA, October. Waldhuter, L. (2016) SA weather: Worsening conditions cause more blackouts as BOM warns of more storms. ABC News. Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-29/worsening-conditions-cause-more-blackouts-across-sa/7887020 [Accessed on 29 September 2016] Weber, D. (2016) Western Australia sends transmission towers to storm-affected SA. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-09-29/wa-sends-power-towers-to-help-out-sa/7891014?section=wa [Accessed on 30 September 2016]