Year Round Education - 1308 Words

Have you ever wondered what the difference between traditional schooling and year-round education is? Maybe you didn’t know that there are more than one type of year-round education. A year-round school schedule can benefit educators, students, and even families. Year-round schooling is where the breaks in school are on a balanced schedule. Instead of having a three month summer break, there would be 60 days off and then the students would be back to school. If on a multi track schedule, teachers could use their off time to substitute at their school on a different track or at another school to get paid more. For students, the shorter breaks away from school increase retention rates, therefore reducing the amount of review necessary at†¦show more content†¦When the teacher morale is increased, their quality of instruction increases which benefits students. One way students could benefit is that this schooling could provide them with an increased student centered instructional strategy during a year-round school year. These could be activities that activate prior knowledge, hands on projects, in depth discussions, and multiple intelligences. These learning experiences are highly effective, but they are also time consuming. On a multi track schedule, students could also be exposed to smaller classroom sizes, which could benefit the student giving them more time to themselves, and to their assigned teacher for extra instruction. Under a year-round schedule, the students benefit by having smaller breaks, meaning they can quickly snap back to previously learned information. When information is stored, but not used for an extended period of time, anyone can lose that information. Due to the shorter breaks, students may find it difficult to find a summer job, or a job at all, but there are jobs that work with students or maybe just limit thei r time at the workplace. For students that take place in extracurricular activities, the year-round schedule would mess with after school practices or competitions. The school could work with the surrounding community to get activitiesShow MoreRelatedYear Round Education Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesYear Round Education For more than twenty years the educational and economic benefits of year round schooling have been debated in the United States. Experts agree that year round schooling may not be the answer to the problems of all school districts. However in more than 205 districts nation wide, problems have been resolved by year round schooling. First I need to explain that this is different from extending the school year; on a year round schedule, students attend school the same numberRead More Education at a Year-Round School Essay3139 Words   |  13 PagesEducation at a Year-Round School Consider the following situation: A car is driving past the local elementary school on a hot and sunny July afternoon. As the car approached the school the driver notices some unusual things. Students are outside with the teachers for recess, and it looks as if school is in session. The school is on a year-round schedule. The driver is intrigued and decides to do some research. From the research, this person found that students are achieving more academically andRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education839 Words   |  4 Pages01 ­14 ­15   Why  Take  on  Year  Round  Schooling?  Ã‚      â€Å"Pop  quiz,  lets  see  what  you  remember.†Ã‚  Often  people  realize,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shoot!  I  forgot   everything  from  last  year!†Ã‚  Why  go  through  that  I ­have ­no ­idea ­how ­to ­do ­this  kind  of   stress  when  year  round  education  can  fix  that  so  simply.  Even  though  year  round   schooling  is  uncommon,  it  will  make  a  positive  impact  on  society.  In  the  United  States   there  are  only  3,181  year  round  schools  that  exist,  but  the  number  is  still  continuing  to   grow.  Year  round  schooling  promotes  higher  levels  of  excellence  for  students  and  Read MoreYear Round Education : The Time Has Come1424 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Coffey Mrs. Mercer Honors English 1 30 January 2017 Year-Round Education: The Time has Come â€Å"A long summer vacation in which students forget much of what they have learned is far from ideal for learning† (Shields et al.). Many educators are beginning to realize the benefits of year-round schooling. Even though year-round education is not traditional, year-round schooling should be implemented because year-round education increases academic achievement, frequent breaks allow students and teachersRead MoreYear Round Education: A Worthwhile Transformation Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pages- twelfth grade (k-12) education calendar is stuck in the stone ages. Composed in a time when children were relied on to work on their families’ farms during the long months of summer, the traditional school calendar did serve a purpose. However, lifestyles have radically changed from the times of the countries’ early development, and it is only rational to adopt a school schedule fitting for the times. Despite being labeled the land of opportunity, current U.S. education is plagued with mountingRead MoreThe Traditional School Calendar and The Introduction of a Year-Round Education1309 Words   |  6 PagesFor as long as most can remember, schooling has been based on a ten-month calendar. Although it was established for an agricultural society it is still extremely common in today’s urban society. The introduction of year-round education, though it clearly makes more sense for todays students, is still a relatively new concept and therefore is subject to a lot of speculation. With benefits such as, remediation, better chances for high-risk and ESL students, economic benefits, and more structure/stabilityRead More Year – Round Education: Alternative Curriculum or Needed Strategy?1982 Words   |  8 Pagesgreatly increased yearly due to the lack of clear support for teachers and students within the Traditional School Calendar. With the implementation of the Year â₠¬â€œ Round or â€Å"Balanced Calendar†, students have been given the opportunity to close those unnecessary gaps between school years and begin to even out â€Å"in-school† time throughout the year. Many parents and teachers consider this division of time conflicting when dealing with scheduling of community programs or additional summer employment opportunitiesRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education: A New Perspective2525 Words   |  11 PagesYear Round Education: A New Perspective Introduction Over the years we have gained aspect to all the new technologies and advancements that have improved the educational system. Each innovation has helped in some way or another to develop better academic programs in schools around the United States. Recently, a proposal has been made to change the traditional school year of nine-months to a year-round program that has sparked controversy all over. Despite controversy though, there areRead MoreThe Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2809 Words   |  12 PagesYear round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments and lack of student achievementRead More The Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2729 Words   |  11 Pages Year round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments

Year Round Education - 1308 Words

Have you ever wondered what the difference between traditional schooling and year-round education is? Maybe you didn’t know that there are more than one type of year-round education. A year-round school schedule can benefit educators, students, and even families. Year-round schooling is where the breaks in school are on a balanced schedule. Instead of having a three month summer break, there would be 60 days off and then the students would be back to school. If on a multi track schedule, teachers could use their off time to substitute at their school on a different track or at another school to get paid more. For students, the shorter breaks away from school increase retention rates, therefore reducing the amount of review necessary at†¦show more content†¦When the teacher morale is increased, their quality of instruction increases which benefits students. One way students could benefit is that this schooling could provide them with an increased student centered instructional strategy during a year-round school year. These could be activities that activate prior knowledge, hands on projects, in depth discussions, and multiple intelligences. These learning experiences are highly effective, but they are also time consuming. On a multi track schedule, students could also be exposed to smaller classroom sizes, which could benefit the student giving them more time to themselves, and to their assigned teacher for extra instruction. Under a year-round schedule, the students benefit by having smaller breaks, meaning they can quickly snap back to previously learned information. When information is stored, but not used for an extended period of time, anyone can lose that information. Due to the shorter breaks, students may find it difficult to find a summer job, or a job at all, but there are jobs that work with students or maybe just limit thei r time at the workplace. For students that take place in extracurricular activities, the year-round schedule would mess with after school practices or competitions. The school could work with the surrounding community to get activitiesShow MoreRelatedYear Round Education Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesYear Round Education For more than twenty years the educational and economic benefits of year round schooling have been debated in the United States. Experts agree that year round schooling may not be the answer to the problems of all school districts. However in more than 205 districts nation wide, problems have been resolved by year round schooling. First I need to explain that this is different from extending the school year; on a year round schedule, students attend school the same numberRead More Education at a Year-Round School Essay3139 Words   |  13 PagesEducation at a Year-Round School Consider the following situation: A car is driving past the local elementary school on a hot and sunny July afternoon. As the car approached the school the driver notices some unusual things. Students are outside with the teachers for recess, and it looks as if school is in session. The school is on a year-round schedule. The driver is intrigued and decides to do some research. From the research, this person found that students are achieving more academically andRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education839 Words   |  4 Pages01 ­14 ­15   Why  Take  on  Year  Round  Schooling?  Ã‚      â€Å"Pop  quiz,  lets  see  what  you  remember.†Ã‚  Often  people  realize,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shoot!  I  forgot   everything  from  last  year!†Ã‚  Why  go  through  that  I ­have ­no ­idea ­how ­to ­do ­this  kind  of   stress  when  year  round  education  can  fix  that  so  simply.  Even  though  year  round   schooling  is  uncommon,  it  will  make  a  positive  impact  on  society.  In  the  United  States   there  are  only  3,181  year  round  schools  that  exist,  but  the  number  is  still  continuing  to   grow.  Year  round  schooling  promotes  higher  levels  of  excellence  for  students  and  Read MoreYear Round Education : The Time Has Come1424 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Coffey Mrs. Mercer Honors English 1 30 January 2017 Year-Round Education: The Time has Come â€Å"A long summer vacation in which students forget much of what they have learned is far from ideal for learning† (Shields et al.). Many educators are beginning to realize the benefits of year-round schooling. Even though year-round education is not traditional, year-round schooling should be implemented because year-round education increases academic achievement, frequent breaks allow students and teachersRead MoreYear Round Education: A Worthwhile Transformation Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pages- twelfth grade (k-12) education calendar is stuck in the stone ages. Composed in a time when children were relied on to work on their families’ farms during the long months of summer, the traditional school calendar did serve a purpose. However, lifestyles have radically changed from the times of the countries’ early development, and it is only rational to adopt a school schedule fitting for the times. Despite being labeled the land of opportunity, current U.S. education is plagued with mountingRead MoreThe Traditional School Calendar and The Introduction of a Year-Round Education1309 Words   |  6 PagesFor as long as most can remember, schooling has been based on a ten-month calendar. Although it was established for an agricultural society it is still extremely common in today’s urban society. The introduction of year-round education, though it clearly makes more sense for todays students, is still a relatively new concept and therefore is subject to a lot of speculation. With benefits such as, remediation, better chances for high-risk and ESL students, economic benefits, and more structure/stabilityRead More Year – Round Education: Alternative Curriculum or Needed Strategy?1982 Words   |  8 Pagesgreatly increased yearly due to the lack of clear support for teachers and students within the Traditional School Calendar. With the implementation of the Year â₠¬â€œ Round or â€Å"Balanced Calendar†, students have been given the opportunity to close those unnecessary gaps between school years and begin to even out â€Å"in-school† time throughout the year. Many parents and teachers consider this division of time conflicting when dealing with scheduling of community programs or additional summer employment opportunitiesRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education: A New Perspective2525 Words   |  11 PagesYear Round Education: A New Perspective Introduction Over the years we have gained aspect to all the new technologies and advancements that have improved the educational system. Each innovation has helped in some way or another to develop better academic programs in schools around the United States. Recently, a proposal has been made to change the traditional school year of nine-months to a year-round program that has sparked controversy all over. Despite controversy though, there areRead MoreThe Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2809 Words   |  12 PagesYear round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments and lack of student achievementRead More The Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2729 Words   |  11 Pages Year round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments

Year Round Education - 1308 Words

Have you ever wondered what the difference between traditional schooling and year-round education is? Maybe you didn’t know that there are more than one type of year-round education. A year-round school schedule can benefit educators, students, and even families. Year-round schooling is where the breaks in school are on a balanced schedule. Instead of having a three month summer break, there would be 60 days off and then the students would be back to school. If on a multi track schedule, teachers could use their off time to substitute at their school on a different track or at another school to get paid more. For students, the shorter breaks away from school increase retention rates, therefore reducing the amount of review necessary at†¦show more content†¦When the teacher morale is increased, their quality of instruction increases which benefits students. One way students could benefit is that this schooling could provide them with an increased student centered instructional strategy during a year-round school year. These could be activities that activate prior knowledge, hands on projects, in depth discussions, and multiple intelligences. These learning experiences are highly effective, but they are also time consuming. On a multi track schedule, students could also be exposed to smaller classroom sizes, which could benefit the student giving them more time to themselves, and to their assigned teacher for extra instruction. Under a year-round schedule, the students benefit by having smaller breaks, meaning they can quickly snap back to previously learned information. When information is stored, but not used for an extended period of time, anyone can lose that information. Due to the shorter breaks, students may find it difficult to find a summer job, or a job at all, but there are jobs that work with students or maybe just limit thei r time at the workplace. For students that take place in extracurricular activities, the year-round schedule would mess with after school practices or competitions. The school could work with the surrounding community to get activitiesShow MoreRelatedYear Round Education Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesYear Round Education For more than twenty years the educational and economic benefits of year round schooling have been debated in the United States. Experts agree that year round schooling may not be the answer to the problems of all school districts. However in more than 205 districts nation wide, problems have been resolved by year round schooling. First I need to explain that this is different from extending the school year; on a year round schedule, students attend school the same numberRead More Education at a Year-Round School Essay3139 Words   |  13 PagesEducation at a Year-Round School Consider the following situation: A car is driving past the local elementary school on a hot and sunny July afternoon. As the car approached the school the driver notices some unusual things. Students are outside with the teachers for recess, and it looks as if school is in session. The school is on a year-round schedule. The driver is intrigued and decides to do some research. From the research, this person found that students are achieving more academically andRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education839 Words   |  4 Pages01 ­14 ­15   Why  Take  on  Year  Round  Schooling?  Ã‚      â€Å"Pop  quiz,  lets  see  what  you  remember.†Ã‚  Often  people  realize,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shoot!  I  forgot   everything  from  last  year!†Ã‚  Why  go  through  that  I ­have ­no ­idea ­how ­to ­do ­this  kind  of   stress  when  year  round  education  can  fix  that  so  simply.  Even  though  year  round   schooling  is  uncommon,  it  will  make  a  positive  impact  on  society.  In  the  United  States   there  are  only  3,181  year  round  schools  that  exist,  but  the  number  is  still  continuing  to   grow.  Year  round  schooling  promotes  higher  levels  of  excellence  for  students  and  Read MoreYear Round Education : The Time Has Come1424 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Coffey Mrs. Mercer Honors English 1 30 January 2017 Year-Round Education: The Time has Come â€Å"A long summer vacation in which students forget much of what they have learned is far from ideal for learning† (Shields et al.). Many educators are beginning to realize the benefits of year-round schooling. Even though year-round education is not traditional, year-round schooling should be implemented because year-round education increases academic achievement, frequent breaks allow students and teachersRead MoreYear Round Education: A Worthwhile Transformation Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pages- twelfth grade (k-12) education calendar is stuck in the stone ages. Composed in a time when children were relied on to work on their families’ farms during the long months of summer, the traditional school calendar did serve a purpose. However, lifestyles have radically changed from the times of the countries’ early development, and it is only rational to adopt a school schedule fitting for the times. Despite being labeled the land of opportunity, current U.S. education is plagued with mountingRead MoreThe Traditional School Calendar and The Introduction of a Year-Round Education1309 Words   |  6 PagesFor as long as most can remember, schooling has been based on a ten-month calendar. Although it was established for an agricultural society it is still extremely common in today’s urban society. The introduction of year-round education, though it clearly makes more sense for todays students, is still a relatively new concept and therefore is subject to a lot of speculation. With benefits such as, remediation, better chances for high-risk and ESL students, economic benefits, and more structure/stabilityRead More Year – Round Education: Alternative Curriculum or Needed Strategy?1982 Words   |  8 Pagesgreatly increased yearly due to the lack of clear support for teachers and students within the Traditional School Calendar. With the implementation of the Year â₠¬â€œ Round or â€Å"Balanced Calendar†, students have been given the opportunity to close those unnecessary gaps between school years and begin to even out â€Å"in-school† time throughout the year. Many parents and teachers consider this division of time conflicting when dealing with scheduling of community programs or additional summer employment opportunitiesRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education: A New Perspective2525 Words   |  11 PagesYear Round Education: A New Perspective Introduction Over the years we have gained aspect to all the new technologies and advancements that have improved the educational system. Each innovation has helped in some way or another to develop better academic programs in schools around the United States. Recently, a proposal has been made to change the traditional school year of nine-months to a year-round program that has sparked controversy all over. Despite controversy though, there areRead MoreThe Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2809 Words   |  12 PagesYear round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments and lack of student achievementRead More The Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2729 Words   |  11 Pages Year round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments

Why Absolutely Everyone Is Talking About English 1 Essay Topics

Why Absolutely Everyone Is Talking About English 1 Essay Topics The New Angle On English 1 Essay Topics Just Released When you have identified the 2 subjects, decide which similarity and difference to concentrate on. On our site you will discover considerably more useful special information that will certainly be helpful for junior and higher school kids from, like common home task essay about Hamlet, in addition to, for instance, application essays for college for future students. Attempt to consider what age is very good for students to date with one another. Even with the brief period, you had the ability to address my problem. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. They are used to the fact that their professors give them the assignment's topic. Understandably, they do not have enough time to handle their assignments, or even do research work while juggling their out-of-school life. Many students think that it is a waste of time. English 1 Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? The conventional five-paragraph essay is normal in writing argumentative essays, but it's only one method to write one. Knowing the most usual IELTS essay topics lets you concentrate on the most significant vocabulary. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. A lo t of students put on a uniform. The Debate Over English 1 Essay Topics How people will act if there won't be any rules in any respect. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory for the initial five years after obtaining a license. Opt for a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make certain you know a lot about it! When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. What You Need to Know About English 1 Essay Topics It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points that you could counter to your own points. You won't be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in a week and receive an A. At some stage, you're likely to be requested to compose an argumentative essay. An excellent argumentative essay is going to be based on established or new research as opposed to only on your ide as and feelings. English 1 Essay Topics Whether there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it can be too narrow. The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. Questions are a standard means of getting interest, along with evocative language or a strong statistic Don't assume your audience is already knowledgeable about your topic. Additionally, you can capture reader attention with the assistance of funny essay topics. You should look at a task to locate a theme not an issue but an opportunity and even a benefit. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I advise attempting to brainstorm a topic that employs a comparison. Write about a problem you have or would like to address. There's a significant remedy to your issue! Well, the solution isn't too obvious here. Prior exposure or knowledge about a specific subject provides better hindsight that may bring improved arguments on the issue. You will need to develop a very good argument, which encompasses not just your principal point, but also all the pieces which make this up. Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to show your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. The Birth of English 1 Essay Topics It's possible to write a very simple essay on the ideal age to vote or appropriate age to be in a position to purchase alcohol. If you're not 100% sure in regards to the things above, then do not utilize it. It is possible to also examine main reasons for misunderstanding between kids and parents. Pregnant couples should get parenting lessons. Life After English 1 Essay Topics Since many companies also provide english conversation topics, we urge you to choose agencies that reward their clientele. If you aren't certain of who you want to be your advisor, I would start by making a list of your top 3 choices. So should you need help with any writing task, don't hesitate to get in touch with our expert services. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole.

Research Study on Health Issues Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Report on Health Topic. Answer: objective The aim of the study is to explore the experience of the nurses of the midwives. They are responsible to manage the pregnant women who has anemia and admitted to the public health centers. Anemia has a great impact on the pregnancy outcomes. The pregnant women require the antenatal care that prevents the fetus and women from the health issues. Sample For the research, the researcher has chosen the qualitative method. The data was collected from the public health centers that are located in the Yoyakarta special province. This is situated in Indonesia. However, Widyawati et al. (2015) mentioned that in case of the qualitative research the sampling plays a significant role. Based on the inclusion criteria the researcher has chosen 24 public health care service and 23 nurse midwives. Only those nurses are chosen who have at least two years of experience and have the diploma degree. Another inclusion criterion is that the nurses need to work in the public health center and the resident of Yoyakarta special province. Among the nurses, the head of the public health center chose one-nurse midwives to represent the public health centers. In view of Jans et al. (2016), the sampling is quiet small that may not provide vast information to the researcher. Methodology For the data collection, the researcher has selected the semi structured interview method. The base of the interview questions was the implementation of antenatal care services. This can include the standard apparatus of the early detection of the anemia during the pregnancy. Before the interview, the researcher has collected information about the participants such as sex, age, year of experience, details about the training since the previous five years. The interview was conducted in between November 2011 to February 2012. For the interview, the two senior experienced nurses were selected. The duration of the interview was 30 minutes. The interview was scheduled before the working hours so that the duty of the nurses was not hampered. After the 23rd interview, the data collection was stopped. The reason of stopping the interview was that there were no new themes to be emerged. For this reason, the saturation was gained. The entire interview was recorded and interviewers transcribed anonymously. A research diary was used to record the non-verbal features of interviews. For this study, thematic analysis was selected. The primary researcher led the data analysis process. Therefore, comparison between the themes and participants were done. Two members of the research team coded each transcription. To make the themes, quotes were used, which emerged from interview and translated into English. To support the transcripts analysis, the research team used the ATLAS.ti software package. In the public health center, there are two types nurses that are the nurse midwife and nurse midwife coordinator. Jans et al. (2016) mentioned that the nurse midwife coordinators mainly have the extra responsibilities in the administrative work. They supervise the nurse midwives. Three categories were made for the analysis that is under 25 years old, 25-50 years old and over 50 years old. References Jans, S., Nisman, W. A., Hapsari, E. D., van Dillen, J., LagroJanssen, A. L. (2016). Nurse-Midwives and Patients Satisfaction with a New Model for Managing Iron deficiency anaemia during Pregnancy in Public Health Centres in YogyakartaIndonesia.The Four Pillars Approach: a new model for iron deficiency anaemia management during pregnancy, 81. Jans, S., Utomo, S., van Dillen, J., LagroJanssen, A. L. (2016). A qualitative study on barriers of managing anaemia during pregnancy in Public Health Centres: Perceptions of Indonesian nurse-midwives.The Four Pillars Approach: a new model for iron deficiency anaemia management during pregnancy,15, 17. Widyawati, W., Jans, S., Utomo, S., van Dillen, J., Janssen, A. L. (2015). A qualitative study on barriers in the prevention of anaemia during pregnancy in public health centres: perceptions of Indonesian nurse-midwives.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,15(1), 47.

Samuel Adams Radical Puritan

Political Views Over the Sugar act The Sugar act or simply American revenue act entails the derivation of a mechanism to raise tax. The act, passed by Great Britain parliament in 5 April 1764, states that, â€Å"it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this Kingdom†¦and†¦It is just and necessary that revenue should be raised†¦for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same† (Countryman 51). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Samuel Adams: Radical Puritan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 1733 tax rate that was agreed upon in the molasses act had been significantly reduced but since the tax had not been successfully collected due to colonial invasions, the American duties act attracted imposition of strict measures into place to ensure t tax collection. The action to impose the measures invited queries b y the colonialists regarding the British parliament’s intent. This facilitated the growth of movements opposed to the proponents of the act. Adams expressed his political discontent by writing inflammatory letters. On the other hand, Otis defended the colonies by resting his cases on â€Å"laws of nature and goodness of British constitution, both terms of sufficiency ambiguous for him to convince vast audiences that his arguments were unanswerable† (Countryman 92). Despite expressing their political discontent in different ways, they were both opposed to the act. Both Adams and Otis, according to Countryman, â€Å"The Sugar Act underscored a growing disconnect between Britain and the colonies† (44). The two opponents viewed imposition of the tax act as away to counter and recover the costs incurred in defending British colonies. Adams’ Role in the Stamp act Samuel Adams housed in an umbrella under the name, sons of liberty, rose up to in hard way to oppos e the act. Sons of liberty declared the tax illegal and not right. To put words into actions, according to Adams, â€Å"†¦they burned the stamps and drove out the stamp tax collectors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (4.6). Adams plays a significant role in heading the Boston sons of liberty group, which is deemed one of the rowdiest patriotic groups in Boston. His role saw him elected in the general court of Massachusetts in 1765. He came up with strategies to spread immense brouhaha of the stamp act. The strategy made the Bostonians to reelect him despite his acts that threatened to corrupt the entire Boston city. Boston under the captainship of Adams made up its mind to drive away Oliver and city stamp tax master from the Boston city. Adams notes that, â€Å"They hung Oliver in effigy from the city’s Liberty Tree, and the Suffolk sheriff refused to cut it down out of fear for his life† (4.6). A mob gathered by Adams, burnt a building, which was set aside for housing the stamp offices headquarters, cut off Oliver’s head effigy and ransacked Oliver’s house under the full glare of the governor. Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These actions resulted to resignation of Oliver on realization that the city drummers were part of the mob, which had set the stamp headquarters building ablaze. Several custom offices were invaded with a climax of flattening of Tomas Hutchinson under authorization of Adams. Adams also united gangs from north and south Boston, which roamed in the Boston city. Before the onset of British troops to enforce the stamp laws made by the parliament, almost the entire of Boston group remained headed by sons of liberty with Adams as the head. A permit to conduct businesses with stamps was given by the rival group. The failure for the convection held in New York to unite all colonies to act against tax, give an amicable o pportunity for sons of liberty to forge alliances with military from clubs in other British colonies. Consequently, Britain withdrew the stamp act in 1766. Jon Hancock’s relation to Adams and his role in the Townsend Act crisis Townshend acts, established to raise taxes in British colonies formed part of the work of Charles Townshend- councilor of ‘the exchequer’. The acts established policies of levying tax on paint, glass, paper, lead and tea. The tax on these commodities was levied on arrivals into the colonies. This made â€Å"a departure from earlier taxation schemes that had been primarily for regulating trade† (Flower 75). The acts were popularly termed as Revenue acts of 1767. John Hancock was a long time friend to john Adams. The two friends had stalemate due to reluctance of Adams to back George Washington who acted as an army commander. In November 1772, Adams formed Boston committee of correspondence, which Hancock was reluctant to join. This had an impact of creating an agreement impasse between wings of power. However, Adams and Hancock united much later in 1773 to fight constitution adoption. John Hancock played a major role in Townshend crisis where he emerged as a hero. His ship, liberty was seized an act that invoked a myriad of riots in Boston. â€Å"Hancock joined other Bostonians in calling for a boycott of British imports until the Townshend duties were repealed† (Flower 173). Hancock seemed targeted by customs board on suspicion that he involved in smuggling of tea. Alternatively, they must have intended to harm his political ambitions due to his failure to avail himself before the presence of custom officials during their public forums. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Samuel Adams: Radical Puritan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More John Hancock also wrote a letter protesting for Townshend acts. In the letter he noted that â€Å"Ta xes equally detrimental to the commercial interests of the Parent country and the colonies are imposed upon the People, without their consent; Taxes designed for the Support of the Civil Government in the Colonies, in a Manner clearly unconstitutional† (Flower 200). The â€Å"Journal of the Times† and the paper’s role in the protest movement One of the themes in the Journal of the New Times was attraction of mass rejection of Adams opponents. Adam had attempted to publicly black list the Tories through publishing all names in the journal, which appeared in the Boston gazette. Adams â€Å"†¦demanded that votes in the Massachusetts House be recorded by name, and the Tories who opposed Adams’s men found their names publicly announced† (5.4). The second theme is political individualism. By publishing the journal, Adams was sure to obtain political star rise. Governor Bernard countered the Adams move but his efforts yielded no substantial fruits. Bernard had thrown out patriots appointed in posts of the government for instance militia posts. However, his strategies failed to work since â€Å"the effort backfired, and the opposition picked up nineteen seats in the House–exclusively at the cost of â€Å"black- listed† Tories† (Flower 231). Opposed to Bernard’s expectation Adams rose to the position of a clerk via his patriotic assembly. Otis, his friend on the other hand, became the assembly speaker. Furthermore, Laments that Adams that â€Å"Adams oversaw the removal from the Massachusetts Council of six supporters of Governor Francis Bernard, the colony’s highest governing body† (Countryman 108). Boston reacted to the Non-Importation Act by thinking outside the box to change their economies. According to Adams, â€Å"the non importation agreements marked a change in American economics, because it forced the development of local industries not previously viable in the colonies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (6.5). Adams together with other leaders thought of initiating clothe manufacturing industries: an effort that was laughed at by Britons. The manufacturing efforts facilitated to foster and encourage â€Å"inter colony unity and a sense of independence† (Flower 236). Economic independence was high on the horizon. Britons were also concerned about and felt that political independence was also paramount.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hutchinson’s views on politics and his role in the Boston Massacre Hutchison believed that the only way to put into place a mechanism to ensure compliance with politically instigated policies was through troop’s interventions. To him any political demands were to be responded to ardently to ensure Britain continues to reign in its colonies. The Boston massacre was one of the exemplifications of Hutchinson sternness. Adams had initiated the circumstances that lead to the massacre. â€Å"On March 4, 1770, Bostonians awoke to find the city plastered with convincing forgeries of orders laying out a massive attack on the townspeople of Boston â€Å"signed† by prominent British soldiers† (Flower 240). Adams strategy to deal with the colonial power, forced the public to react with overwhelming wrath. Armed with various weapons such clubs and firm tools, a mob confronted the British troops. It is Hutchinson, being the chief commander of all the naval and army fo rces within the colony, who sent troop backup to help confront the mob. When one of the solders recovered his gun upon the knockdown beats by the mob with garbage, rocks and snowballs opened fire to the mob and others took after their colleague. This is what resulted to Boston massacre in which â€Å"five civilians were killed- including Attucks, Gray, Caldwell and Carr† (Countryman 97). An on looking man also died though he took no pragmatic roles in the riots. The Hutchinson hasty reaction to solve any political impasse greatly contributed to the negative perception of the mob about the intents of the colonial forces. He thus contributed substantially towards idealization of propaganda spread by Adams and his boys about the decision arrived at by the Britain to deal mercilessly with the civilians who defied their laws. Furthermore, Hutchinson saw no threat imposition by his troops and therefore could nothing about them when Adams called for withdraw of regiment responsibl e for the Boston massacre though he latter give in to Adams demands. Hutchinson’s letters and Britain’s response to the Boston Tea Party In December 1773, a group of Bostonian organized by Sam Adams destroyed a consignment of tea onboard liberty ship. A controversy consequently ensued between the colonialists and the Americans. East Indiana Company which had the monopoly to sale tea to Britain at wholesale, which was later exported to the some colonies particularly Boston, had faced undying challenges emanating from Dutch tea smuggling business in Britain and to Americans. To secure the company operations in Britain and enable the company withstand the winds of competition due to smuggled tea, the British parliament passed an act, which encouraged reduction of tax on tea consumed in Britain. Britain also, according to Adams, â€Å"†¦gave the East India Company a refund of the 25% duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies† (6.4). The impact was redu ction of revenues which were later to be recovered by enactment and passing of Townshend revenue act. The act required more levy of new taxes on colonies. Tea was one of the products that seemed targeted. Instead of â€Å"solving the smuggling problem, however, the Townshend duties renewed a controversy about Parliament’s right to tax the colonies† (Countryman 167). Hutchinson letter urged London to take a harsh response to Boston tea party following the sons of liberty actions to destroy tea that was on transit returning back to Britain following protests against breach of Bostonians constitutional rights. Lord Noth, the then Britain prime minister said ‘whatever may be the consequences, we must risk something; if not, all is over† (Countryman 190). In an attempt to punish the act, Britain responded by closing Boston port, engineered it, and put in to place coercive acts. Benjamin Franklin demanded the repayment for the tea that experienced destruction by the colonies. Achievements at the First and Second Continental Congresses Agreements for burning importation of goods from Britain formed part of the discussion between the various colonies. All colonies had to obey them until Britain lifted the burn on Boston port. Adams notes that, â€Å"The agreement went far beyond earlier no importation agreements, and the citizens of Massachusetts were sure that the British bankers would not let the British government throw the colonies away† (9.3) since they had extended considerable loan (more than four million pounds) to colonialists. When New York countered on the idea to convene continental congress, Adams moved in to the idea in hurry since he had urged for a similar meeting right from 1773. During the first congress, Adams, Christopher Gadsden and Richard hennery lee played hard to unveil the intentions of the meeting though behind the behind scenes. Galloway appreciated the significant power the parliament plays but also, out lined a plan for Britain and America to unite strongly. According to Galloway â€Å"the colonies would be governed by an American Grand Council, the equivalent of a local Parliament, and a Crown-appointed Resident General would oversee the Council† (Countryman 231). The congress agreed that any acts of atrocity extended to Boston would face reciprocations with military response garnered from all across the colonies. â€Å"The Congress also passed a less- sweeping version of the Solemn Covenant, but none doubted the measures would still have an effect† (Countryman 235). During the second continental congress Adams and john cornered the congress to demand independence from Britons but other delegates perceived such a move as way of depicting that the colonies were weak. Instead the congress resolved to â€Å"wait until the British attacks had grown to such a point where it was forced to declare independence† (Countryman 235). Adams and Hancock’s relations hip during writing of the Mass State Constitution The rivalry emerged when Adams rose to support George Washington as the commandant in favor of Hancock. The rivalry between the two friends existed for the rest of the warring time. Adams returned to Boston after the second convection was over in an attempt to go and restore order in Boston dominated by a myriad of chaos. Adams was opposed to the constitution, his state having rejected the first draft because the needs of the American were vast and thus not equally addressed. When the convection for the constitution was called, john Adams and Sam Adams were nominated for the noble task. Unfortunately, Sam Adams fell unwell and thus john Adams, apart from article III solely written by him, wrote the entire constitution. Attempts to move articles of confederation in to constitution concerned Adams. â€Å"He fully believed that the united States were too large and had too many different needs to be adequately represented under a sing le government† (Countryman 239). According to Adams, the capacity of the constitution to provide sufficient protection to civil liberties was questionable. He remained silent with his concerns until his appointment as Massachusetts delegate. On recognition of Adams opposition to the constitution, other delegates â€Å"cultivated and organized a vote among Boston workingmen and artisans–Adams’s core supporters–to rebuke Adams for his anti-Constitution outbursts† (Countryman 239). Adams seemed to lose his supporters. Adams opposition to the constitution had invited remedy to the spoilt relationship with Hancock so as that could drum up fight against the constitution together. Role of Adams during the Ratification process and political role afterwards Adams played pragmatic roles in the ratification process. In the ratification process, he was the catalyst for san souci club to loudly voice through their grievances. He notes that, â€Å"Bostonâ€℠¢s nightlife began to rival that of New York’s. Rumors even swirled that the city might become home to a gambling club that allowed girls over the age of sixteen inside† (10.9). Adams also began to write editorials reminiscent to the sugar or stamps controversy. He advised that, â€Å"†¦the city could be corrupted so soon after it won its freedom and cleansed itself of the impurities of Britain† (Adams 10.9). In fact, he went to an extent to attempt to have a travelling theatre group jailed. Adams reacted to the condemnations by Harvard student and termed his action as having hit ‘just right’. Adams began to rise politically again during the French revolution of 1793 and after the death of Hancock in the same year. Until his death, Hancock was the Massachusetts governor. According to Countryman, â€Å"†¦Adams became the leader of the Jacobin faction of Massachusetts government† (203). The roaming in streets of Jacobean faithful had alarmed onset of a revolution under captainship of Adams. â€Å"French tricolors began to appear around Boston and gangs of Jacobin supporters roamed the streets in a throwback to the days of the Sons of Liberty† (Countryman 240). His influence died in 1790s and climax reached in 1795 when Adams opponent managed to remove his supporters from incumbency. With regard to Flower, he â€Å"†¦failed to win the 1796 selection to as an elector opposed t o his cousin and announced he would step from governor† (10). The entire country went wholly in favor of the constitution making Adams much less popular only for him to die in 1803 as a politically disappointed man. Works Cited Adams, Samuel. Radical Puritan. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Countryman, Edward. The American Revolution: revised edition. New York: Hill Wang, 2003. Flower, Williams. Samuel Adams: Radical puritan. London: Longman, 1997. This essay on Samuel Adams: Radical Puritan was written and submitted by user Kason Holland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Canadian Foreign Relations in the Early Cold War Period

Canadian Foreign Relations in the Early Cold War Period Free Online Research Papers Escott Reid’s document, â€Å"The United States and the Soviet Union: A Study of the Possibility of War and Some the Implications for Canadian Policy†, was written during a period of uncertainty. Globally, all major and minor powers where exhausted following the Second World War and sought to limit and ease global tension. This new state of heightened global tension was the result of the emergence of two new global powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, who sought to expand their power bases and increase their influence globally. The Soviet Union, fearful of another attack from a western power, sought to distance and protect themselves from western influence. Conversely, the United States sought to expand free markets and capitalism upheld by popular support in (remove ‘in’) at home. For Reid, the insatiable appetite for expansion by both of these new super powers meant that a lasting peace was impossible in the new geo-political environment foll owing World War II. Furthermore, each power and their desire for expansion would have an impact on Canada in relation to its domestic and foreign policies. This competition for global influence between the superpowers was compounded by the fear that a new global conflict would likely be a nuclear war. Reid’s memorandum became the basis for Canadian diplomacy to avert this possibility. Did Reid contend that the actions of Canada could avert nuclear war between the US and the USSR? Although, Reid thought a nuclear conflict was unlikely, (punctuation; hereafter p) his assessment of the origin of the cold war and his recommendations on how to avert conflict became the foundation for Canadian foreign policy until the late 1950s. Reid’s begins his memorandum with a discussion of the sources the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. Reid states that the main source of the conflict is due to expansionist policies of both countries. He describes the Soviet Union’s expansionist policies as an outcome of the ruling elite in the Soviet Union desire to maintain their position of power. Furthermore, Reid notes that the Soviet Union desires to protect them from further western encroachment both geographically and physiologically by maintaining and expanding is its sphere of influence . For Reid, the most important area for Soviet control is recently created Ssoviet satellites, which served to protect the Soviet Union from western influence. However, Reid notes that the Soviet satellites close proximity to the west makes them the most vulnerable to western influence. To combat this the Soviet leadership would use any all-oppressive measures necessary to prevent exposure to wester n influence in the Soviet bloc countries. Furthermore, Reid notes in point 11 and 13 that the Soviet ruling elite desire to continue expansion into Western European democracies. Reid contrasts the Soviet policies with the American expansionist designs that were based upon the desire of American leadership to push democratic ideals globally. The thrust of this desire to spread democracy globally, Reid notes is bolstered by popular support within the United States. Consequentially, it had created a mindset in America that identified any form of communism as inherently evil. The outcome of this clash of ideologies and desire to further expand their spheres of influence globally has lead to impasse in relations between the Soviet Union and the United States. Furthermore Reid states, â€Å"†¦ by its very nature a desire of a great power to extend its defense area as an illimitable process. The appetite for security grows with eating †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Therefore, in Reid’s assessment it is impossible for there be a cessation in hostilities between United States and the Soviet Union until one of the powers is globally dominant. This point is well described. The desire of each great power to be globally dominant meant that Canadian foreign policy became shaped by a desire to find a way to balance global power in such a way to avert another war. Or to operate within the context of a global struggle, one that Reid did not anticipate developing into a full scale nuclear war. For Reid, the Soviet policy for global expansion was based on slow gradual extension of power. Reid writes, â€Å"†¦ they would try to extend their defense area until it ultimately might cover the whole world †¦ as the result of a gradual extension of power and extension of political power over adjoining powers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This reasoning for slow expansion was the conviction of Soviet leadership in the virtue of communism to become the dominant global ideology. Reid was convinced that the ruling elite of the Soviet Union was not proponents of overt conquest unless it had an overwhelming chance of success without global condemnation or retribution. To combat this trend and diminish the likelihood of conflict Reid introduced the concept of the idea of a global balance of power. For Reid, a great determinant in reducing the risk of war was the maintenance overwhelmingly balance of power that favored the western world. Reid was advocating for the creation of a dem ocratic power bloc as a buffer to the Soviet Union. This concept of a western power bloc came into reality with the creation of NATO and demonstrated the necessity of cooperation between all western powers. Furthermore, it was consistent with the UN charter and for Reid the western power bloc? meant it could serve as tool bolster the impact of the UN in response to the Soviet Veto. Reid realized that this may lead to the Soviet Union leaving the United Nations, (p) however this risk was far outweighed by the positive deterrence it give to Soviet expansion plans. He also advocated that the west maintain relations with the USSR – he did not want the country isolated, as that might encourage military action. As Bothwell notes, that (remove ‘that’) without the creation of NATO the only other alternative to the Soviet veto would be expulsion of the Soviet Union from the United Nations (which, as noted, Reid desired to avoid). In addition, the creation of NATO preserved the United Nations as an international body that was critical to Canadian foreign policy in regards to multilateral relations. Reid believed that NATO should not only serve as a military deterrent but also serve link western powers economically. In relation to Canadian foreign policy, NATO was only partially successful,; (p) Foreign Affairs was able to convince the American’s to accept a policy that stressed military cooperation. However, Canadian diplomats were unable to influence the United States and Western European powers to accept a further economic integration. In terms of a closer linking of NATO economically was superceded by the GATT agreements, due to the American preference for unilateral relations with their trading partners. Reid’s memorandum had stressed the importance of not just military organization but as an economic organization to bolster European recovery and stem further Soviet encroachment in West ern Europe yet Canadians were unable to achieve economic unity through NATO. If developed countries were required to maintain a balance of power against growing Soviet power, so to was the developing world. Reid, saw colonial possessions and the developing world as an untapped resource for Ssoviet expansion. Reid, identifies the Soviet Union as the champion of these people’s when he states, â€Å"†¦ the Soviet Union is today posing as the principal defender of the rights of colored and colonial peoples †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The impact of Soviet involvement in the third world cannot be discounted and it required Canada to be equally open and embracing in their relations with developing world. This point was dramatically emphasized with the emergence of communist China in 1949. First, due to the Soviet’s acceptance of the role as champion of the developing world it would be necessary for Canada to follow an international policy which would remove, as much as possible, racial discrimination and accept neutrality as the basis for further relations with the developing world. In doing so, Reid believed that western influence could as a balance to the more favorable pol icy being presented by the Russians. Secondly, much of this discrimination was the result of the development of colonial possessions of the dominant countries in Western Europe. Regardless of the preparedness of former colonial possessions to become independent states, Reid saw this as a necessary step. By quickly granting independence to former colonial possessions it was less likely that pro-Soviet elements, targeting to exploit the connection between independence and colonial rule, could gain popular support in these newly emerging countries. . (p – no second period) The result of winning over the third world and former colonial possessions would achieve an even greater balance of power in favor of the western democracies (Reid’s observation that internal American reform was needed in this context – regarding racism and civil rights – is also worth noting). However, external affairs was unable to meet this mandate. In particular, it leads to Ca nadian military involvement in the Korean War. However, external affairs did attempt to reach out to the developing world in their relations with India. Despite Canada’s best attempts to lure India on to the pro-capitalist camp it is was largely a failure. By 1954, India under Nehru, is was drawing itself closer to the Soviet Union. The ultimate failure of external affairs came with the inability of Canada to convince Nehru to speak out against the Soviet Union when it attacked Hungary in 1957. External affairs felt that the colonial legacy of both countries would make them suitable partners. It is true that Canada did pledge siginificant funding for development in the third world under the Colombo Plan but this did little to overshadow the over all failure of Canada to address relations with the developing world. Canada, despite largely failing in the third world, (p) was more successful in maintaining relations with the Soviet Union. That Canada’s ability to address relations in the third world was largely a failure would be debated. It’s effective use of middle power status allowed for significant contributions (for example, the Suez Canal Crisis) Reid felt that the best way to avert hostilities with the Soviet Union was to always maintain contact with them. Reid states as his basis for relations with the Soviet Union, â€Å".. The Western powers should do their utmost to prevent any break with Soviet Union from occurring on any issue unless that are satisfied that they can demonstrate to their people that they have exercised the utmost patience and forebearance, and have exhausted every possibility of reconciling opposing viewpoints †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . It was Reid’s hope that in doing so, it would not leave any excuse for the Soviet leadership to have grounds, at the international level, to claim an unreasonable position is being taken by the Western powers. In addition, Reid stressed that western firmness was necessary but that it should not lead to a policy that isolated the Soviet Union. Therefore, there should be room made for the Soviet Union in all international organizations (yes, gets to the point I made above ). Furthermore, a policy of openness with the Soviet Union should also follow as well in the economic field. Reid felt that such an open but firm policy would best serve Canadian relations with the Soviet Union. This course proved to be highly successful especially during the post Stalin and Pre Khrushchev period. During this period, Pearson was selected to be the first foreign emissary to visit Russia in 1955. His trip marked the development of economic relations between the two countries with a wheat agreement signed in 1955. These developments are consistent with Reid’s description of how to deal with one great super power. Reid, also had described a policy on how to deal with the super power to the south of Canada, the United States. Reid recognized that there was a global shift in democratic leadership with the on set of the Ccold Wwar. For Reid, this was a shift away from their former colonial partner and into a deeper developing relationship with the United States. Due to the close proximity to the United States, Reid stressed that it was impossible for Canada to conduct foreign policy without considering the American position on the issue. Therefore, Reid proposed, at least for an outward impression, that Canada agree on all major issues with the United States (and he advocated bilateralism, as later evident in the DEW Line and NORAD, for example). However, it was the belief of Canadian policy makers that must find a way to temper US domination of western bloc foreign policy. In particular they sought to gain a larger role for European powers to back up Canadian opinion suggestions in foreign policy. Fore Reid, the best way to exert influence on the United States in regards to foreign policy was to us e international organizations. It was his belief that doing so would enable Canada to play a large role in US decision making comparable to size of Canada. In achieving a working relationship with the United States through the use of international organizations, as the source of multilateral relationships with the United States, Canada was able to keep a degree of independence from American policy. In hopes of western solidarity, Reid also stressed the necessity to maintain a unified front with the United States. This was demonstrated in Canada’s acceptance and eventual involvement in the Korean War, despite their desire not to be involved. Furthermore, during Pearson’s trip to Russia, he was keenly aware to maintain the appearance of unified relations between the two countries in regards to issues that the Soviet to divide them on. Reid, was a keen observer of global trends and through insight he had created a blueprint for Canadian relations in the early Ccold W war era. Escott Reid’s memorandum written in 1947 proved to have an enduring impact on Canadian foreign policy. It served to shape relations with both the Soviet Union and proved to be almost to be a clear mapping of the development of foreign policy with the Soviet Union until the early 1960s. Similarly, relations with the United States followed Reid’s assessment until the election of the Cconservative party lead by Diefenbaker. Despite its impact in regards to relations with the two most dominant global powers it only had limited impact on the development of a truly integrated Atlantic community (multilateralism – NATO – and bilateralism – NORAD would seem to suggest that this point is open to debate). Furthermore, it had little impact on leading to more sympathetic and open policy between Canada and the third world. Despite these two areas of weakness, the Reid memorandum did have a high degree of impact on the shaping of Canadian foreign relations in the early Ccold Wwar period. Bibliography Bothwell, R.. Alliance and Illusion: Canada and the World 1945-1984. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007. Donaghy, G.. â€Å"The Most Important Place in the World: Escott Reid in India, 1952-57. In, Escott Reid: Diplomat and Scholar. Donaghy G. and Roussel S. eds. Montreal: Mc Gill-Queens University Press, 2004. Glazov, J.. Canadian Policy towards Khrushchev’s Soviet Union. Montreal: McGill-Quen’s University Press, 2002. Hagland, D.G. and Roussel, S. â€Å"Escott Reid, the North Atlantic Treaty, and Canadian Strategic Culture†. In, Escott Reid: Diplomat and Scholar. Donaghy G. and Roussel S. eds. Montreal: Mc Gill-Queens University Press, 2004. Reid, Escott, â€Å"The United States and the Soviet Union a Study of the Possibility of War and Some Implications for Canadian Policy†, in History 455 Reading File. Athabasca, University of Athabasca Press, 2003 Research Papers on Canadian Foreign Relations in the Early Cold War PeriodAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on Children

Responding to Discrimination During a Job Interview

Responding to Discrimination During a Job Interview Its not always easy to determine if youve been the victim of discrimination during a job interview. However, many people can relate to being ecstatic about an upcoming interview, only to show up and get a hostile vibe from the prospective employer.  In fact, in some cases, a company official may actually dissuade a person from applying for the position in question. What went wrong? Was race a factor? With these tips, learn to identify when your civil rights have been violated during a job interview. Know Which Interview Questions Are Illegal to Ask A major complaint ethnic minorities have about racism in contemporary America is that it’s more likely to be covert than overt. That means a prospective employer isn’t likely to say outright that your ethnic group needn’t apply for a job at that company. However, an employer might ask interview questions about your race, color, sex, religion, national origin, birthplace, age, disability or marital/family status. Asking about any of these matters is illegal, and you’re under no obligation to answer such questions. Mind you, every interviewer who poses such questions may not do so with the intention of discriminating. The interviewer may simply be ignorant of the law. In any case, you can take the confrontational route and inform the interviewer that you’re not obliged to answer these questions or take the non-confrontational route and avoid answering the questions by changing the subject. Some interviewers who do intend to discriminate may be aware of the law and savvy about not directly asking you any illegal interview questions. For example, instead of asking where you were born, an interviewer might ask where you grew up and comment on how well you speak English. The goal is to prompt you to disclose your birthplace, national origin or race. Once again, feel no obligation to respond to such questions or comments. Interview the Interviewer Unfortunately, not all companies that practice discrimination will make proving it easy for you. The interviewer might not ask you questions about your ethnic background or make insinuations about it. Instead, the interviewer might treat you hostilely from the outset of the interview for no apparent reason or tell you from the start that you wouldn’t be a good fit for the position. Should this happen, turn the tables and begin to interview the interviewer. If told you wouldn’t be a good fit, for example, ask why you were called in for the interview then. Point out that your resume hasn’t changed between the time you were called in for the interview and showed up to apply. Ask which qualities the company seeks in a job candidate and explain how you line up with that description. It’s also worth noting that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 mandates that â€Å"job requirements†¦ be uniformly and consistently applied to persons of all races and colors.† To boot, job requirements that are applied consistently but not important for business needs may be unlawful if they disproportionately exclude individuals from certain racial groups. The same is true if an employer requires workers to have educational backgrounds that don’t directly relate to job performance. Take note if your interviewer lists any job requirement or educational certificate that seems non-essential to business needs. When the interview ends, be sure that you have the full name of the interviewer, the department the interviewer works in, and, if possible, the name of the interviewer’s supervisor. Once the interview wraps up, note any off-color remarks or questions the interviewer made. Doing so could help you notice a pattern in the interviewer’s line of questioning that makes it clear that discrimination was at hand. Why You? If discrimination factored into your job interview, identify why you were targeted. Was it just because you are African American, or was it because you are young, African American and male? If you say that you were discriminated against because you are black and the company in question has a number of black employees, your case won’t look very credible. Find out what separates you from the pack. The questions or comments the interviewer made should help you pinpoint why. Equal Pay for Equal Work Suppose that salary comes up during the interview. Clarify with the interviewer if the salary you are being quoted is the same anyone with your job experience and education would receive. Remind the interviewer how long you’ve been in the workforce, the highest level of education you’ve attained and any awards and accolades you’ve received. You might be dealing with an employer who isn’t averse to hiring racial minorities but compensates them less than their white counterparts. This, too, is illegal. Testing During the Interview Were you tested during the interview? This could constitute discrimination if you were tested for â€Å"knowledge, skills or abilities that are not important for job performance or business needs,† according to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Such a test would also constitute discrimination if it eliminated a disproportionate number of people from a minority group as job candidates. In fact, employment testing was at the root of the controversial Supreme Court case Ricci v. DeStefano, in which the City of New Haven, Conn., threw out a promotional exam for firefighters because racial minorities overwhelmingly did poorly on the test. What Next? If you were discriminated against during a job interview, contact the supervisor of the person who interviewed you. Tell the supervisor why you were a target of discrimination and any questions or comments the interviewer made that violated your civil rights. If the supervisor fails to follow up or take your complaint seriously, contact the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and file a charge of discrimination against the company with them.

Personal statement for admission to law school Essay

Personal statement for admission to law school - Essay Example By the time I reached my junior year in high school, I had become more appreciative of learning and studying the World History particularly sparked my interest to engage in debates and forums in and out of school. I started being passionate in expressing my views on several issues of concern which prevailed at the time and my growing fascination for language and communication had all the more encouraged me to attain further awareness in social and political aspects of living. I must admit though that I encountered occasions when interactions were weaving unhealthy arguments instead. In the process, however, I learned to find worth in listening to others with downright humility and how essential it is to be working on relationships that bear positive impact despite inevitable competitions with batchmates. This principle has supported me to yield into a more flexible character that seeks to understand with patience and sincerity even to this day. During early college and the three year s of attendance in the Danube International School, I spontaneously developed love toward philosophical studies which deepened my academic inclinations and involvement with other avenues of learning where public speaking matters with ample essence. Some fellow students under a similar or related field also influenced me to find delight in studying classical literature and poetry which serves as a collective inspiration for my creativity in thought and manner of speech. I recollect having looked up to certain intellectual figures covered in the literary courses and through them, I felt the necessity to contemplate on the real worth of wisdom and acquisition of a revolutionary mind from which acts of profitable reform may be derived to be taken advantage of by the society as a whole. Stepping out of the academe via extracurricular commitment gave me the opportunity to explore communities under crises of varied types. There used to be times when I participated in reach-out projects whi ch were sponsored either by our school or the government and such enlightening experience truly makes a huge difference in one’s perception of life. When we paid visit to poor families, my heart could not help outpouring cries at the view of poverty and a general picture of hopelessness. I needed no effort then to empathize for it was such a revealing moment of truth when reality unfolded itself to break my core and let loose all of the inherent compassion within. At this stage, I told myself that I knew exactly and could discern what my professional desire was going to be like. Due to the actual sights and physical encounter of impoverished communities, the idea of injustice came instantly and I was brought to ponder that such state of economy has chiefly suffered from inequality especially in terms of allocation of goods. For a case as this, there is much that the government could in the absence of corruption or illegal activities. Hence, I decided to pursue law in order th at by securing a position as a lawmaker, I would be able to earn the authority of defending people whose rights

Critique English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critique English - Essay Example In the extreme, the males are more inclined to take their own lives five times more during their teenage years to their early twenties compared to the females. Speaking of living a privileged life, their lives does not seem to be privileged considering that the males are more likely to be abused physically by their parents, drops out of school and face unemployment. In their adult life, males are also more likely to be homeless, and to become dependent to alcohol and drugs. The females may be complaining about assault and violence but males are in fact twice as much more susceptible to it than females. When they work, their chance to get killed due to work related accident is nine times more than the female and they die six years earlier on the average. Worst, nobody seems to care. Their issues are often their own while the female can go blame society for their failures. For the female part, we already heard their predicament all too well yet their plights were as true as they were f irst raised eons ago. Yes, gender discrimination still exists and sexism is still prevalent despite the campaign against it. Stevie Cameron best demonstrated it by using our daughter as the character that would best personify our anxieties and hopes about the females. There, it was illustrated how unfair and discriminating the male dominated society is. Beginning at school where girls’ facilities are not given that much importance compared to boys such as the relegation of gymnastics to football. When they grew up, their moves are restricted both literally and figuratively. They cannot just walk to places wherever they want and during their adult life, their movements in their respective careers are also restricted by the glass ceiling. They are also subjected to sexist snide aspersions not only with remarks but also on downplaying issues that matter to them. These issues and concerns, I believe are more important than the predicament of the males. It is because the femalesâ €™ issues are rooted in discrimination which society relegates them as secondary citizen just because of their gender. This discrimination is a very serious issue and has overarching consequences to every aspect of their lives not just the simple â€Å"they are girls and we are boys’ issues†. This discrimination pervades in every sphere of our society that women has to contend just because of their female gender. Compared to the males where the issue they have to contend are the stress brought upon by the competitive patriarchal society and being such, are more tolerable than discrimination because competiveness is self-imposed. Their fall out, such as their higher probability in facing economic dislocation (unemployment, homelessness, etch) as well as the stereotyping of their intelligence are a result of their laxity towards education that dumb down their intellectual acumen. Whereas with the females, they are being restricted no matter how hard they try just bec ause of their gender. Worst, they inadvertently became victim of assault, sexual or otherwise, where a troubled man in Montreal took it to the extreme when he separated the women from the men and slaughtered them because he believed that women are the cause of his troubles. Men do not get these issues out of their gender. Many men have been victimized by assault also but it is not related to gender. For example, their increased probability to be attacked is a consequence of their reckless mobility. If you walk alone in unlit park or alley in a very

Advantages Choose to Continue with Education in the Countries Essay Example for Free

Advantages Choose to Continue with Education in the Countries Essay Many student wish they can get goods education in their life. Not all students can get goods education especially for student low income families. So, universities in Malaysia have advantages can give goods education for students. The advantages choose to continue with education in the countries is cheap and affordable cost, the courses offered by Higher Education Institution is equivalent to the other countries and many Malaysia Higher Education Institution may be choose for learning. Firstly is the advantage of learning in our country is cheap and affordable costs are as low priority fees to local students. This is due to many students choose universities that offer low fees because they can not afford to fund the study. This is shown by Malaysia because Malaysia is not experiencing a seasonal climate and this will add value in terms of financial savings to students because they do not need different clothes according to the season at home in Malaysia. (Professor Badaruddin Mohamed, 2009). It also is in Malaysia, the government has allocated a total of RM232.8 billion for the implementation of all development and welfare of the people. (Prime Minister Dato Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak, 2008). Then ,low – income families is the vast majority of low-income parents today are working but still struggling to make ends meet: struggling to find and keep a toehold in a changing labor market, to keep up with their bills, to pay the spiraling costs of essentials like health care and housing, and to raise children with a chance of future success. These families have much in common with other American families as they seek to balance work and family life, yet parents and children in low-income families are more financially vulnerable than those in higher-income families.( Annie E. Casey,2005). Secondly is the the other advantages in that the courses offered by Malaysia Higher Education Institution is equivalent to other countries are as there are more than 50000 international students pursuing tertiary courses ranging in Malaysia. This is many parts of the world attending international schools and pursuing tertiary courses ranging from diploma to degrees to PhD in private higher educational institutions and public universities in Malaysia.(Hamidon Zaini,2007) and Malaysia is acknowledged as one of the pioneers in this region in the development and promotion of transnational Bachelor’s degree programmes, starting way back in the early 1980s, collaborating with reputable universities from countries like the United Kingdom, USA, France, New Zealand, Germany, Australia, etc. (Hamidon Zaini,2007).Then is University in Malaysia collaborating with reputable university from another countries.Further,universities in Malaysia to work with reputable universities from other countries such as 1980s, university in Malaysia collaborating with university from United Kingdom, USA, France, New Zealand, Germany, Australia , etc.(Razali Awang,2008) and Malaysia private university established has many in other countries. Third is the last advantage of many Malaysian Higher Education Institutions can be selected for learning as studying in the country better than overseas. This is a study in local universities can save the cost compared to studying in universities abroad, students have to pay not only for our study but also for our living cost.(Salina,2011). This also is students who study abroad are exposed to culture shock and they will have communication barrier. In addition, you will miss your friends and family, feel homesick, at times lost or alienated.(Salina,2011). Then is local universities provide job opportunities such as if want to stay in higher education locally, draw a radius around your current institution and decide how far you can reasonably travel for another position.(Salina,2011). This is finding a job in higher education is part effort and part opportunity.(Salina,2011). In conclusion, we must take cognizance of the case studies appropriate to study whether abroad or studying locally. It is important for the learning process as a place that will change a soul either in choosing the place or abroad.

The 3 Branches of the American Government Essay -- History Politics Go

The 3 Branches of the American Government The constitution was established by men who had experienced the dictatorships of Europe and had escaped from its grasp. They sought to establish a form of government that would never allow a dictatorship or tyrant ruler to hold power over the people like in the places they had fled. With their creation of the foundation of what our government is today they created a system where 3 branches were all of equal power and each could be overruled by another which prevented any branch becoming superior of another. The separation of powers provides a system of shared power called Checks and Balances.(2) The three branches are legislative, judicial and executive and they each have specific powers to balance those of the other branches. The Legislative branch is made up of the House and Senate. The Executive branch is made of the President, Vice-President, and the Departments. The Judicial branch is made of the Federal courts and the Supreme Court. Each of these branches has certain powers, an d each of these powers is limited, or checked, by the other two branches. By forcing the three branches to be monitored by the others, no one branch can gain enough power to become superior over the others. The American Governments system of being divided into 3 branches that can restrain one another is the most efficient way to govern the U.S. in a fair manner and without any branch becoming more powerful than another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Legislative Branch, also known as the Congress, is made up of two houses and their main job is to make the laws of the nation.(1) They are also responsible for checking the actions of the other two branches that make up the Federal government. The two houses that make up the legislative branch are, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Some of the main powers of this branch consist of: the passing of all federal laws; establishment of all lower federal courts; can override a Presidential veto; and can impeach the President. (1) The lower house is the House of Representatives which is made up of members called Representatives. To qualify for becoming a House member a person must be 25 years old or older, must have been a U.S. citizen for seven years, and must live in the district he or she plans to represents. (1) Each state has a number of Representatives depending on the population of that state ... ...was with the hopes of a government of democracy where the will of the people was the main power behind the government. With only two branches there would be a constant battle for power and the merging of any of the three current branches with one another would cause a very negative effect on the balance of power . This system of separating power between three branches has provided a balanced way for the government to carry out the needs of maintaining a successful nation and has proven to be successful in the prevention of tyrannical or dictatorial type leadership taking place. With each branch having a certain area of responsibility and the ability to be monitored and restrained by the other branches our government has managed to uphold the ideals of the original framers of our nation. Their quest for a nation with a strong central government that is for the people and that ensures that the freedoms of the American people are never lost has been achieved and the original idea of three branches has proven to be the perfect balance. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.usconstitution.net http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_govt.html http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_sepp.html

Explaining the role of ‘suppliers’ Essay

Question: Explaining the role of ‘suppliers’ in an organization’s microenvironment. Discuss the impact the supplier environment might have on the marketing of soft drinks. Definition of suppliers: Firms and individuals that provide the resources needed by the company to produce its goods and services (lecture 3, p10). This includes materials and parts, capital items, supplies and service. (Diagram 1. 4) The Role of suppliers Suppliers play a vital role in an organization’s microenvironment. The relationship between suppliers and organizations are built on a solid foundation of value. (Diagram 1. 3) The growth and the vision of the organization depend heavily on the values that the suppliers can offer. The extent to which organizations and suppliers work together toward their respective or common goals is defined as Joint action. In this Joint, the supplier contribute significantly in provides sources of competitive advantages towards the organizations against other competitors as well as save cost and achieve efficiency for the organization. (Diagram 1. 1) Supplier and organization are interdependent on each other. This relationship develops and nurture strong business ties and make both needed each other to achieve desired goals. The ties can become stronger when both an organization and a supplier are highly dependent on each other. The most important thing is that an organization cannot offer customers superior service if the suppliers are not giving the organization the same. It is important that the organization has a high communication frequency and information sharing with its suppliers. A good frequent contact and information sharing helps routine issues such as product availability, order handling and delivery issues and reduce uncertainty. When the organization has frequent communication with it’s suppliers, it can give the supplier the chance for operational improvements and product development. This can indirectly help the organization because when the advice is accepted, the efficiency and effectiveness of the supplies can be improved. If the role of the supplier is underestimated by the organization, the organization could prevent itself from improving and developing. Customer accommodation(Diagram 1. 2) This reflects to what extent the suppliers are prepared to accommodate customer’s changing needs and want, which is always changing rapidly and abruptly. Can suppliers be flexible? Are they prepared to relax rules for customers? Can they respond to the unexpected? And so on. Here, the role of supplier is vital. If the organization cannot accommodate what customer need and want because of the supplier, the organization could incur a decrease in sale in short term and damage customer satisfaction in the long term. The offering A high level of product quality usually leads to customer confidence. An organization cannot build that confidence if their supplier cannot produce a high quality supplies. The role of supplier here is to make sure they can produce quality product that an organization is expected as well as it’s costumers. Transaction cost is also another important element in supplier’s offering. Transaction cost emphasizes the efficiency of inter-firm ex-change and the magnitude of transaction cost is what determines the degree of relational behavior between firms (K. Kim, 1999, p 218). Transaction cost includes frequency of transaction, uncertainty and asset specificity, such as location of firms and the delivery. Cost. Organization seeks suppliers that give the best price, such as cost of the products, materials of components purchased and other costs involved process. The supplier also needs to position their price that will bring cost benefits to the company so that their relationship is maintained steadily. Brand and country of production Brand and country of production provides value both to the Customer and organization. The quality of the product is always associated with the brand and Country of production when costumers are making quality judgment. The supplier therefore has an important role when the organization is setting out its marketing strategies. Impact of supplier environment on the marketing of soft drinks Soft drink company researched- coca-cola, PepsiCo, Quakers, Frito-Lay and Tropicana. The use of societal marketing philosophy In the five soft drinks company researched, all of them were involved in helping Minority owned business and Woman/Women Owned Business by making them their secondary suppliers to show that they are concerned about the need and the want of the society as a whole. Their diversity of suppliers made them welcomed in all cultures and different country as well as creates an environment for the organization that attracts better public reputation and favorable publicity. Impact of supplier environment on the marketing of soft drinks According to the marketing philosophy, the organization always has to try to satisfy the needs and the wants of its customer. But without the contribution of suppliers to improve and supply what’s required by the organization to provide its good and services, it would be certain that the organization will not be able to satisfy the needs and wants of costumers. A good supplier environment can help the business to perform better and achieve more. There are few factors that need to be considered for a good supplier environment. In a soft drinks company, the company need to make sure that product, pricing and costumer service of supplier are high in standard. These factors are very important for a soft drink company as that their costumers have rapid and abrupt changes in preferences as well as their dissimilar needs. For example, if a company identifies that a new soft drink needs to be introduced into the market. They must first make sure that there supplier is able to make a new commitment and flexibility towards the new product. Company need to know that if the new soft drink is high in demand; the supplier is able to meet that demand and still maintain the same quality of that particular soft drink. References List  ·International journal of research in Marketing, ‘Joint Action’ (1999)  ·Principles of marketing (2001). Kotler, Adam, Brown and Armstrong  ·Inside Business Success, May 1998.  ·Manager Update Volume 13 number 1 Autumn 2001.  ·Coca-Cola Soft Drink Company official website, www. coca-cola. com  ·PepsiCo Soft Drink Company official website, www. pepsico. com  ·Fritolay Soft Drink Company official website, http://www. fritolay. com/biz/minority/index. html  ·Quaker Soft Drink Company official website, http://www. quakeroats. com/qfb_BusinessPartners/diversity. cfm  ·Tropicana Soft Drink Company official website, http://www. tropicana. com/biz/about/supplier. htm  ·Queensland Government, Department of public works, Managing and monitoring supplier performance. Web site: unknown.

Being a Part of a Team More Important Than Leading It

â€Å"Being part of a team is more important than leading it. † It is too difficult these days during the complexity of business and corporate pressure to build out teams, in order to resolve business challenges situations like service, product renovation, turnaround recovery plans, launch new products, meet the market changes and challenges it’s important to pay attention to building a team.Team, by concept, is a group of members whom could be selected or nominated usually by management; the role is to execute a certain business â€Å"mission† within the organization under a very clear goals and objectives with a defined timeline as well as deliverables. Now a day’s both economy and the business growing very fast and the challenges is continuously increasing.New concepts came up, new technology and new strategies invented ,the world moving very fast ,everything now in a mass, production in a mass ,corporate in a mass ,so all the people they don’t h ave time to work individually to achieve the mission assigned to them ,so now the techniques to work in a group came up with all the challenges we have it, one person can’t solve the problem right from the first time and with required time.Single person doesn’t have the time, the required skills and /or the expertise to accomplish various tasks, task that must be carried out successfully in order to successfully tackle the problem of interest. By wording we are calling it a team not a group, hence there is a big difference between the both, we can’t call the football or basketball team a football group, group not like the team, team usually have one goal, one mission, one task and one problem to solve, but the group is a group of people from different place and different objective but they met together, Like a random sample taken. There is no I in team but there is in win† , team must have a harmony between each other’s and with the team leader they must have the same spirit and the same challenges with different skills /experiences to complete each other’s and reach to the ideal team, â€Å"I am a member of a team, and I rely on the team, I defer to it and sacrifice for it, because the team not the individual is the ultimate champion†, It is not only the matter to form a team and nominate a team leader to let the team working under his/her coaching, but all the team member including the team leader must be an effective member, and to be an effective team member it is must have good people skills and communication skills in addition to a high strong technical skill set, the guidelines for being an effective team member include: ResponsibleA team member must be a proactive ,if they came to know there is a task needs to be solve or done, the team member have the skills to do it ,a team member has to take the initiative to do it and to be dependable to do fair share of the work and strive to accomplish any tasks in a timely manner, doing so will allow the team to meet the dead line, and to be accountable if the team member agreed to take on a specific task. It is also important to deliver his promises and if he faces difficulties in solving the problem he has to communicate to the team at the right time so they can come up with alternatives to solve a problem and meet the dead lines as well as obligations, as a result the team can meet the goal desired. Effectively communicationGood communication skills s important for an effective team member, that’s mean all the team members must be open to each other, talk to each other, listen good and show the respect to the new ideas and take the intuitive to share to add value to the ideas generated by any team member, this is important to reach to the a good guidelines to achieve the team mission at the end, a good communication style involves honesty, friendliness, thoroughness, and high quality in achieving the goals. Respect As a team member, one has to respect other members and understand each member is an expertise in his field and has the enough knowledge to meet the task required from him, the respect attitude has to be shown between all the members and therefore there is no one better than the other, all are equal and complete each other’s. ContributionAll the team members must contribute with each other each member must do the his/her full efforts and contribution to meet the team objectives and goals, this one of the important role for an effective team leader to get all the member share equally the contribution and spread the spirit of working in an effective teal to let the team succeed. Team could suffer heavily from a team member who is not cooperating, or blending, or benefiting the team with his expertise and input. A survey conducted by The American Institutes for Research, showed that one-third of 1,000-plus respondent organizations reported that strong internal resistance and/or sabotage is a sign ificant barrier to be overcome on the road to successful team implementations. Conflict of interestConflict is unavoidable whenever we work in a team, each member has a different views/opinions and sometime stuck on it, as an effective team member one must work on it and show the other member respecting of his/her views and try work with and adapted it slowly to show the positive if we do some alteration or changes for the member views and this one of the most common difficulties meet an effective t eam. Appreciations Not all of the team members do the same efforts, it different from one member to the other, and here the role of the team leader appear to give the credit to the member who do the best efforts and encourage other members to do the same and get the credit and keep up the work, but this tactics must be done by the right way to avoid any bad feelings against the other member. All the above mentioned points rose to reach for an effective team member to achieve the team mis sion, and goals. The way a team plays as a whole determines its success, you may have the greatest bunch ofcindividual stars in the world, but if they don’t play together, the club won’t be worth a dime† , as we covered the guide lines to have an effective team member, now it comes the role of the team leader, the objectives, the goals and the leadership style. The leadership style is simply the patterns of behavior a leader adopts to plan motivate and control, it is the extent to listens, set the goals and standards, develop action plan (long/short term), guide others, gives his/her feedback and reward and punish. Although the leaders face an unlimited range of situations, research has shown that there are six styles or behavior patterns that they apply to the situations they encounter: 1-The coercive styleThis style primary objective is immediate compliance from employees but the downside of it is lack of flexibility, empowerment and responsibility. This style can be used in straight forward tasks and in crisis situation (team needs clear directions and you have relevant information), but it is a least effective in a complex tasks and over the long term. 2-The authoritative style This style primary objective is providing long term direction and vision for the team, the downside is that it’s not good with expert groups, this is can be more effective when a new vision is needed and new team member needs guidance, this style should be avoided when employees are experienced and know as much if no more than the leader. 3- The affiliative styleThis style has the primary objective of creating the harmony among employees and between the leader and the team, the downsides of this style is lack of constructive feedback and direction, this style to be used more effective in a straightforward task and with an adequate performance, this is style should be avoided when employees’ performance is inadequate and corrective performance feedba ck is required. 4-The democratic style This style has the primary objective of building commitment and consensus among employees, the downside of this style is the time consuming, leave team member confused, this style is more effective when the team member are competent and have a knowledge more than the team leader and least effective in crisis situation and there is no time for a meetings or discussions. 5-The pacesetting styleThis style has the primary objective of accomplishing tasks to a high standard of excellence, the downside of this style can lower moral and lead to feelings of being overwhelmed and pressured, this style more effective when team members are also pacesetters and resource or time constraints necessitate the leader involvement. This style is least effective when direction of the team is unclear and team members are unconvinced 6-The coaching style This style has the primary objective of employees long term professional development, this is style is not effect ive when employee lacks motivation, resistant to changing, or leader lacks expertise, this style most effective hen the team member have a clear sense of aspirations and are motivated, this style is least effective if the team members are new and have a lack of experience, it’s important to avoid this style during crisis situation. Before applying any style from the above mentioned leadership styles, the leader has to stimulate his/her thinking about which style to use, and how the style will affects others motivation, the effective manager has to diagnose the demand of the situation, the experience of the team, the strengths and weakness of the team member, another dimension to watch is the complexity of the task, time pressure, resources available, and keep an open mind and watch out for changes in the situation.Leader should avoid using one style as a habit, the style should match the situation as one style does not apply for all ,the team leader has to select a style that best fit the situation and even the leader can as the team member too to assist him/her to select the style matching with the situation and the team goals and objectives ,the team leader must be flexible to switch from one style to another, even the leader can mix two or more styles to meet all required tasks and to assist for achieving the team goals, â€Å" A working relationship that provides influence or support on a regular basis for the most important decisions a has to make† , Form my opinion I think the team must slow down first before speeding up to tasks, most of the teams like to jump right into the task, but relationship building, active development of norms, and goal setting is needed first. The team leader must be more strategic about the first team meeting, he/she must structure team culture first and not to leave it to chance, building a relationship and trust first is a key to avoid long term problems like task conflict and discovering expertise. One of the most crucial components of success is to know how to work productively in a team environment, working well with others and having strong interpersonal skills can take a person far in life, in career settings and beyond.It is a combinations between the team leader and the team member starting from constructed the team till set the team goals and objectives, all parties including team member and team leader have to work together effectively to put the style of work and agreed to spread a good spirit between all the members, the whole team has to work as one person everyone knows his/her responsibilities very well and ready to assist the other to achieve their goals, it’s not about raising the hands and step away from the other member hence the successful of the team depend on all parties not one party , It is the responsibility of the team leader to set everything before starting the task and the responsibilities of the others to believe they are like a stone corner for the tea m no way the team finish the task without the other ,,, Amgad Ali ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Michael Jordan. [ 2 ]. Mia Hamm. [ 3 ]. Case commentary by Ed Mussel white. Ditto. [ 4 ]. Babe Welch. [ 5 ]. Nigel Nicholson.